Carpentry

The first book on the market built from the ground up to integrate and promote green building, building science, and sustainability-based carpentry, this inclusive text unites the key elements of residential construction, includes clear, concise, highly illustrated discussions and building plans, and includes  excerpts of the 2015 International Residential Code for One- and Two-Family Dwellings from the International Code Council.

Written in simple terms with an emphasis on discipline nomenclature, professionalism, and articulation of content, Carpentry is among the first texts to integrate a full set of building plans with the 2015 International Code Council building standards, and the latest carpentry text built around the ideals of modern and sustainable construction methods. Fully conceived, designed, and written to help develop the first generation of carpenters and builders of tomorrow’s highly efficient green homes, the book is based on building science and the latest materials and techniques. The mathematics, theory, practice, techniques, and applications of carpentry are interwoven within a larger discussion of sustainability, resource and labor efficiencies, indoor air quality, and environmental impact. The book develops building skills that go beyond technique by explaining purpose, code compliance, structure requirements, and introducing plan reading spatial skills.

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Section 1: Construction Careers, Business Associations, and Organizations

Regional Voices

 Chapter 1 Construction Careers and Entrepreneurs

  Careers in Construction

  Careers with Certification, Testing, and Government Agencies

Section 2: The Evolution of Building Methods, Codes, and Green Building

Regional Voices

 Chapter 2 History of Construction Methods

  Residential Materials Evolution

  Post and Beam

  Dimensional Lumber

  Balloon Framing

  Alternative Methods

  Building Science and Green Building

  Green Carpentry

  Unification of Codes

  Developing a National Standard, the ICC Model Codes

  The Impact of Codes on Modern Construction

  Home Design as Related to Code

  The Influence of Code on Building Materials

 Chapter 4 Adapting Codes to Regional Conditions

  Codes Designed to Address Regional Construction

  Building Efficiency

  Sustainable Construction Materials and Methods

  Construction Techniques Go Green

  The Building Envelope System

  Materials Conservation and Recycling

  Long-Term Impacts

Section 3: Project Planning and Architectural Plans

Regional Voices

 Chapter 6 Project Planning and Teamwork

  Project Teams and Early Planning

  Project Professionals

 Chapter 7 Contracts, Permits, and Zoning

  Contract Writing Basics

  Parts of a Contract

  Permits and Code Compliance

  Zoning and Land Usage

  Zoning and Code Compliance with Construction Plans

  Working Drawings

  Presentation and Elevation Viewing Style

  Layout and Framing Plan Views

  CAD Programs for Design and Energy Efficiency

Section 4: Site Planning with a Green Perspective Section

Regional Voices

 Chapter 10 Building Site Considerations

  Utilities and Easements

  Building Lot Setbacks and Clearances

  Building Lot Preparation

 Chapter 11 Green Aspects of BuildingSites

  Passive Solar Design and Building Orientation

  Wind Orientation

  Rainwater Collection, Solar Panels, and Wind Turbines

Section 5: Safety, Tools, Math, and Estimating

Regional Voices

 Chapter 12 OSHA, Personal Protective Equipment, and Job-Site Safety

  OSHA and Residential Compliance

  Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

  Lifting Safety and Repetitive Tasks

  General Site Safety

  Quality Tools Are Safe Tools

  Tool Management and Organization

  Hammers, Prying Tools, and Powder-Actuated Drivers

  Measuring and Layout Tools

  Handsaws, Planes, and Other Handy Hand Tools

 Chapter 14 Power Tools and Extension Cords

  Selecting Power Tools

  Electrical Safety and Power Tools

  Power Tools for Construction

  Sanders and Planers

  Stationary or Table-Mounted Power Tools

  Pneumatic and Gas Nailers

 Chapter 15 Working off the Ground: Ladders, Scaffolds, and Lifts

  Working off the Ground

  Fall Arrest Systems

  Ladder Safety

  Ladder Types

  Ladder Accessories

  Pump Jacks

  Scaffolds

  Aerial Lifts

  Fractions and Decimals

  Linear Measurements and Perimeters

  Geometric Shapes: Calculating Volumes and Areas

  Working with the Triangle

  Construction Math for Estimating

  Foundation Systems

  Foundation Systems

  Estimating the Floor System

  Wall Material Estimating

  Estimating Roof Components

Section 6: Building Materials

Regional Voices

 Chapter 17 Dimensional Lumber Products

 Chapter 19 Hangers and Fasteners

  Modern Nails

  Nails: Size, Type, and Purpose

  Screws: Design and Function

  Bolts for Construction

  Anchoring Systems

  Framing Hangers and Structural Strapping (Ties)

 Chapter 20 Construction Glues, Caulks, and Coatings

  Construction Chemicals and Compounds

  Construction Glues

  Construction Caulks

  Interior and Exterior Surface Coatings

  Construction Coatings and the Environment

Section 7: Levels, Transits, and Building Layout Procedures

Regional Voices

 Chapter 21 Leveling, Layout, and Surveying Equipment

  Leveling and Layout Tool Options

  Finding Level with Basic Tools

  Builder’s Levels and Transit-Levels

  Establishing Elevations and Levels

  Total Station Instruments

  Laser Leveling and Plumbing Equipment

  Step by Step 1

  Setting the Tripod Working Height

  Step by Step 2

  Using a Horizontal Circle Scale to Set Square Wall Lines

  Step by Step 3

  Plumbing a Wall, Column, Post, or Concrete Form Using the Transit-Level

  Step by Step 4

  Calculating Elevations Using Multiple Setup Points

  Excavations and Footings

  Step by Step 1

  Finding the First House Corner

  Step by Step 2

  Line Squaring Procedure

Section 8: Concrete, Foundations, Footings, and Form Work

Regional Voices

 Chapter 23 Concrete Basics: Greener Than You Think

  History of Concrete

  Modern Concrete Basics

  Concrete Sustainability

  Future Concrete Development

  Thermal Mass

  Concrete in the Home

  Slab-on-Grade Design Considerations

  Monolithic Slabs

  Independent or Floating Slabs

  Forms for Slab Construction

  Finishing Exterior Slab Work

  Step by Step 1

  Creating a Slab Form

  Step by Step 2

  Determining Form Length to Cut Kerf Lines

  Step by Step 3

  Spacing for Kerf Lines

 Chapter 25 Foundations, Footings, and Piers

  Foundation Designs and Spread Footings

  Stepped Footings

  Foundation Types and Design

  Frost-Protected Shallow Foundations

  Foundations and Sustainability

  Support Piers, Columns, and Pilasters

  Foundation Drainage

  Concrete Form Components

  Types of Concrete Forms

  Insulated Concrete Forms

  Step by Step 1

  Setting Wall Forms with Preconstructed Wood Panels

  Step by Step 2

  Setting Column Forms

  Step by Step 3

  Basic Setup and Installation of ICF Wall Forms

Section 9: Rough Framing: Floors, Walls, and Ceilings

Regional Voices

 Chapter 27 Supporting the Floor: Posts, Girders, and Beams

  Supporting the Floor: Posts, Beams, and Floor Trusses

  Support Posts

  Beams and Girders

  Installing Beams and Girders

  Floor Trusses

  Sill Plates

  Floor Joists

  Joist Layout Procedures

  Lateral Floor Stability

  I-Joists

  Altering Dimensional Joists and I-Joists

  Floor Openings

  Doubling Floor Joists

  Step by Step 1

  Air-Tight Sealing Points

  Step by Step 2

  Sill Plate Bolt Hole Alignment Procedure

  Step by Step 3

  Squaring Calculation Procedure

  Step by Step 4

  Rim Board or Band Joist Placement Procedure

  Step by Step 5

  Floor Joist Layout: Dimensional Lumber and I-Joists

  Step by Step 6

  Joist Lapping: Layout from Opposite Sides

  Step by Step 7

  Blocking and Bridging Dimensional Joists

  Step by Step 8

  Metal Bridging

  Step by Step 9

  Framing Floor Openings

  Step by Step 10

  Special Considerations for I-Joists

  Step by Step 11

  Techniques for Temporary Bracing

  Chapter 29 Subflooring and Special Floor FramingSubflooring

  Modern Subfloor Materials

  Attachment Methods for Sheet Materials

  Constructing the Subfloor

  Floor Systems (Beyond the Code)

  Step by Step 1

  Guidelines for Subfloor Gluing

  Step by Step 2

  Setting and Securing the Subflooring

  Construction Basics for SIPs

  Step by Step 1

  Installing SIPs

  Step by Step 2

  Setting Bottom Plates and Installing SIPs

  Step by Step 3

  Bottom Plate Installation

  Step by Step 4

  OSB Surface Spline Technique for Joining Panels

  Step by Step 5

  Joining Technique Using Dimensional Lumber

  Step by Step 6

  Field Cutting a SIP Opening

  Optimum Value Engineered (OVE) Framing

  Layout Procedures for Walls

  Constructing and Raising Walls

  Special Wall Techniques and Assemblies

  Raising and Bracing Wall Sections

  Exterior Wall Sheathing

  Step by Step 1

  Setting Exterior Wall Lines

  Step by Step 2

  Wall Plate Layout Procedure

  Step by Step 3

  Wall Layout Procedure: Step by Step Practice Problem

  Step by Step 4

  Header Selection

  Step by Step 5

  How to Build and Nail a Built-up Header

  Step by Step 6

  Installing 1 ×4 Let-in Braces

  Step by Step 7

  Installing Metal Cut-in Braces

  Ceiling Joist Installation

  Step by Step 1

  Cutting Ceiling Joist Ends Below the Rafter’s Top Edge

  Step by Step 2

  Installing Ceiling Joists

Section 10: Special Framing: Stairs and Light-Gauge Steel

Regional Voices

  Staircase Components

  Staircases and the International Residential Code

  Staircase Design: Ergonomics for Safety and Comfort

  Staircase Layout and Design

  Balustrades and Handrails

  Step by Step 1

  Math Calculations: Total Rise

  Step by Step 2

  Math Calculations: Treads and Risers

  Step by Step 3

  Math Calculations: Headroom and Stairwell Length

  Step by Step 4

  Use the Pythagorean Theorem to Calculate Stringer Stock Length

  Step by Step 5

  Construction Techniques: Laying Out the Stringer

  Step by Step 6

  Construction Techniques: Dropping the Stringer

  Step by Step 7

  Setting the Top of the Stringer Based on Attachment Method

  Step by Step 8

  Making a Cleat Stringer

  Step by Step 9

  Leveling and Squaring the Stringers

  Step by Step 10

  Installing a Kickboard

  Step by Step 11

  Hangerboard Design and Installation

  Step by Step 12

  Building a Landing Platform

  Step by Step 13

  Designing a Common Three-Step Winder for a 90° Turn without a Landing

  Step by Step 14

  Setting the Angle of Cut and Length for Handrails

  Step by Step 15

  Making a Tread-Riser Jig

  Light Steel Framing Components

  Framing Techniques with Cold-Formed Steel Components

Section 11: Roof Components, Framing, and Assembly

Regional Voices

  Roof Terminology

  Roof Components

  Laying Out and Erecting Ridge Boards

  Ridge Boards and Intersecting Roof Designs

  Ridge Board Actual Length for Different Intersecting Roof Types

  Setting Ridge Boards for Intersecting Roofs

  Step by Step 1

Setting a Ridge Board

  Step by Step 2

Drawing a Framing Diagram for Intersecting Gable Roofs

  Step by Step 3

   Drawing a Framing Diagram for a Hip Roof

  Step by Step 4

  Drawing a Framing Diagram for a Combination Hip and Valley Intersecting Roof

  Beyond the Wall Plane: Rafter Tails

  Rake Overhangs

  Gable End Studs

  Hip Rafters

  Valley Rafters

  Step by Step 1

  Common Rafter and Hip Rafter Theoretical Line Lengths

  Step by Step 2

  Common Rafter Layout Using a Framing Square

  Step by Step 3

  Using a Speed Square (Rafter Square) to Lay Out a Common Rafter

  Step by Step 4

  Calculating and Marking the Common Rafter Tail Section

  Step by Step 5

  Making a Plumb Cut on Common Rafter Tails

  Step by Step 6

  Measuring and Marking Single Cheek Cuts for a Hip Rafter

  Step by Step 7

  Measuring and Marking Double Cheek Cuts for a Hip Rafter

  Step by Step 8

  Calculating and Marking the Tail of a Hip Rafter

  Step by Step 9

  Assembling the Hip Roof

  Step by Step 10

  Supporting Valley Rafter Layout Procedure

  Step by Step 11

  Valley Rafter Tail Reverse Cheek Cut

 Chapter 37 Jack Rafters: Completing the Roof Frame

  Jack Rafters

  Hip Jack Rafters

  Valley Jack Rafters

  Valley Cripple Jack Rafters

  Hip-Valley Cripple Jack Rafters

  Step by Step 1

  Hip Jack Rafter Layout

  Step by Step 2

  Valley Jack Rafter Layout

  Step by Step 3

  Valley Cripple Jack Rafter Layout

  Step by Step 4

  Hip-Valley Cripple Jack Rafter Layout

 Chapter 38 Engineered Trusses and I-Joists for Roof Construction

  Roof Trusses

  Site Storage, Handling, and Safety with Roof Trusses

  Walls up to 8 Feet

  Walls over 8 Feet

  Installation and Bracing of Roof Trusses

  I-Joist Roof Construction

Section 12: Closing the Roof Framing: Cornices, Sheathing, and Flashing

Regional Voices

 Chapter 39 Cornice Construction and Stormwater Removal (Gutter Systems)

  Closing in the Roof Framing

  Cornice Designs

  Rake Ends and Cornice Return Methods

  Material Options for Closing the Roof System

  Cornice Soffit Design and Attic Ventilation

  Gutter Systems

  Step by Step 1

  Building a Solid Wood Boxed Cornice

  Step by Step 2

  Building the Boxed Cornice with Vinyl or Aluminum

  Step by Step 3

  Turning Corners when Building the Boxed Cornice

  Step by Step 4

  Closing a Rake End with Minimal Overhang

  Step by Step 5

  Calculating Gutter and Downspout Sizes

  Step by Step 6

  Installing the Gutter and Downspout System

 Chapter 40 Roof Sheathing, Underlayment, and Flashing Protection

  Roof Sheathing

  Underlayment

  Roof Flashing Techniques and Locations

Section 13: Roof Finish Materials and Vegetated Roofs

Regional Voices

 Chapter 41 Options for Finished Roof Materials

  Choosing the Finished Roofing Material

  Asphalt Shingles

  Installing Asphalt Shingles

  Wood Shakes and Shingles

  Tile Roofs

  Step by Step 1

  Installing Three-Tab Shingles

  Step by Step 2

  Installing Architectural Shingles

  Step by Step 3

  Forming a Shake or Shingle Open Valley

  Installing Metal Roof Systems

  Vegetated Roofs

Section 14: Windows, Doors, and Day-Lighting

Regional Voices

  Window Materials Options

  Parts of a Window 

  Types of Windows

  Skylights and Tubular Day-Lighting Devices (TDD)

  Window Installation

  Skylight and Tubular Day-Lighting Device Installation

 Chapter 44 Interior Doors

  Interior Doors

  Types of Interior Doors

  Traditional Door Installations

  Prehung Door Assemblies

  Step by Step 1

  Building a Field-Constructed Door Jamb Assembly

  Step by Step 2

  Assemble and Square Jamb Components in the Rough Opening

  Step by Step 3

  Installing a Prehung Door Assembly

  Step by Step 4

  Cutting In and Installing a Lockset

  Step by Step 5

  Installing Bifold Doors

  Step by Step 6

  Installing Pocket Doors

  Chapter 45 Exterior Doors

  Exterior Doors

  Entrance and Service Door Component Details

  Installing Exterior Doors

Section 15: Interior Finish Stages

Regional Voices

  Fasteners for Gypsum Products

  Installation of Gypsum Board

  Drywall Finishing Materials

  Finishing Drywall Systems

  Veneer Plaster Finishes

  Sheet Paneling

  Installing Sheet Paneling

  Solid Wood Paneling Boards

  Cutting and Joining Moldings

  Installation Techniques for Molding

  Step by Step 1

  Trimming Window Interiors

  Step by Step 2

  Installing Jamb Extensions

  Step by Step 3

  Trimming Interior Doors

  Step by Step 4

  Installing Baseboards

  Step by Step 5

  Trim Carpentry Techniques

  Brushes and Rollers

  Accessories

  Latex, Alkyd, and Oil-Based Paints

 The Painting Process

  Interior Wood Stains and Finishes

  Natural Clay Plasters

 Chapter 49 Suspended Ceilings and Ceiling Tiles

  Suspended Ceilings

  System Components

  Layout Technique for Suspended Ceilings

  Installing the Grid System

  Glued and Stapled Ceiling Panels

  Installing Tiles with Adhesives

  Metal Ceiling and Cornice Trim Options

Section 16: Cabinets, Countertops, and Floor Coverings

Regional Voices

 Chapter 50 Cabinets and Countertops

  Kitchen Design and Layout Basics

  Cabinet Construction

  Alternative Materials for Cabinet Construction

  Countertops

  Plastic Laminate and Postformed Countertops

  Optional Countertop Materials

  Step by Step 1

  Finding the High Point of a Floor

  Step by Step 2

  Marking the Walls for Cabinet Installation

  Step by Step 3

  Installing Base Units

  Step by Step 4

  Installing Filler Strips and Backer Boards

  Step by Step 5

  Installing Wall Units

  Step by Step 6

  Installing Laminate to a Countertop Substrate

  Step by Step 7

  Postformed Countertop Installation

  Wood Flooring Products

  Resilient Flooring

  Concrete Floors

  Installing Plank Flooring

  Parquet or Parquet Block Installation

  Laminate Flooring Installation

Section 17: The Building Envelope and Exterior Siding Materials

Regional Voices

  Insulation and the International Energy Conservation Code

  Ventilation Systems and Heat (Energy) Recovery

  The Building Envelope

  Home Performance Testing

  Wood Siding

  Preparation for Siding Installation

  Installing Bevel Siding Horizontally (Vertical Not Allowed)

  Vertical Wood Siding Installation

  Full Sheet Panel Siding

  Cedar Shingles, Shakes, and Fiber Cement Siding

  Individual Wood Shingles or Shakes

  Vinyl Siding

  Horizontal Installation for Vinyl Siding

  Vertical Installation for Vinyl Siding

Section 18: Decks, Exterior Living Spaces, and Green Remodeling

Regional Voices

  Layout and Construction for Decks

  Deck Railing Systems

  Freestanding Decks

  Porches

  Patios

  Seven Tenets of Green Remodeling and Additions

  The REGREEN Guidelines

  The ICC 700 National Green Building Standard and Remodeling

  Deconstruction and Remodeling

Section 19: Solar and Wind: Renewable Energies

Regional Voices

  Residential Solar Power Systems for Electricity Generation

  Location and Cost Factors in Solar Design

  Residential Solar Systems for Passive Water Heating

  Passive Solar Water Heating Economics

  Residential Wind Power Systems

  The Physics of Wind Power

  Calculating the Feasibility of Wind Power for Given Areas