Hypospadias and Genital Development, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2004 Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Series, Vol. 545

This book focuses on the current basic science research of hypospadias and genital development. Congenital anomalies of the genitalia are the second most common birth abnormality besides congenital heart defects. Genital anomalies come in many varieties with the most common abnormality being hypospadias. The etiology of hypospadias remains unknown and the incidence is doubling in western countries with no definable explanation. It therefore seems especially germane to study this common congenital anomaly with a baseline incidence of 1/125-250 newborn males.

Section I. Human Studies.- Epidemiology of Hypospadias.- Endocrine Evaluation of Hypospadias.- Endocrine Abnormalities in Boys with Hypospadias.- Genetic and Clinical Studies on Hypospadias.- Section II. Mechanism of Genital Development.- Development of the Penile Urethra.- Anatomical Studies of the Mouse Genital Tubercle.- Anatomical Studies of the Fibroblast Growth Factor-10 Mutant, Sonic Hedge Hog Mutant, and Androgen Receptor Mutant Mouse Genital Tubercle.- Developmental Genetics of Hypospadias.- Development of the Mouse External Genitalia: Unique Model of Organogenesis.- New Concepts on the Development of the Vagina.- Section III. Endocrine Disruptors and Sexual Dimorphism in the Animal Kingdom.- Endocrine Disruption Overview: Are Males at Risk?.- Endocrine Disruption and Hypospadias.- Toxicant-Induced Hypospadias in the Male Rat.- Masculinization of Female Mammals: Lessons from Nature.