Fluidization, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1980 International Fluidization Conference

Fluidized beds have gained prominence in many process in­ dustries (including chemicals, petroleum, metallurgy, food and pharmaceuticals) as a means of bringing particulate solids into contact with gases and/or liquids. Many fluidized bed operations are physical in nature (e.g. drying, coating, classification, granulation, and rapid heat transfer as in quenching or annealing). Other operations involve chemical reactions including the cata­ lytic cracking of hydrocarbons, the manufacture of acry10nitrite and phthalic anhydride, the roasting of metallurgical ores, and the regeneration of spent catalysts. In recent years fluidized beds have been of special interest because of their potential as the central component in new processes for utilizing coal as a source of energy, notably in coal combustion and gasification processes. The fluidized bed offers a number of advantages over most other methods of contacting, in particular high rates of heat transfer, temperature uniformity and solids mobility. Among the disadvantages are particle losses by entrainment, attrition of solids, limited reactor efficiency due to gas bypassing and gas and solids backmixing, and difficulties in design and scale-up due to the complexity of fluidized beds. The International Fluidization Conference held in Henniker, New Hampshire, U.S.A. from 3-8 August 1980 was the fifth inter­ national congress devoted to the entire field of fluidization.

Invited Review Papers.- History of fluidized solids development at Exxon.- The ups and downs of gas-solid flow: a review.- Mixing patterns in large-scale fluidized beds.- Refereed Research Papers.- Fluid-bed behaviour at elevated temperatures.- The bubble phase in high-pressure fluidized beds.- The stability of the propagation of sharp voidage fronts in liquid fluidized beds.- The effect of some unsteady motions on gas flow patterns around a fluidization bubble.- Prediction of bubble growth in bubble chains.- Mechanistic prediction of bubble properties in freely-bubbling fluidised beds.- Fluidized combustion of oil shale.- Fluidized combustion of coal washery wastes.- Combustion of volatile matter in fluidized beds.- An experimental study of mechanism of combustion of carbon in shallow fluidized beds.- NOx emission control by a staged fluidized bed combustor of coal.- Fluidized coal combustion: the effect of sorbent and coal feed particle size upon the combustion efficiency and NOx emission.- Heat transfer of single horizonal finned tubes and their bundles in a fluidized bed of large particles.- Heat transfer in a fluidized bed at high pressure.- Surface-bed heat transfer in a fluidised bed at high pressure.- Influence of hydrodynamics on heat transfer in fluidized beds.- A model for heat transfer to horizontal tubes immersed in a fluidized bed of large particles.- Heat transfer to horizontal tube banks in the splash zone of a fluidized bed of large particles.- Heat transfer between solids and gas in a multistaged fluidized bed.- Hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance of turbulent contact absorbers.- Gas-liquid mass transfer in a three-phase fluidized bed.- Spout formation and collapse in rough and smooth walled beds.- Particle segregation in continuously operating spouted beds.- General relationships for the minimum spouting pressure drop ratio, ?PmS/?PmF, and the spout-annular interfacial condition in a spouted bed.- The dispersion of axi-symmetric gas jets in fluidized beds.- Momentum dissipation of and gas entrainment into a gas-solid two-phase jet in a fluidized bed.- The effect of pressure on jet penetration in semi-cylindrical gas-fluidized beds.- The mixing of tracer gas in fluidized beds of large particles.- Gas backmixing in 0.61m and 1.22m square fluidized beds.- Axial mixing and mass transfer in a zig-zag contactor.- Particle distribution and mixing in a centrifugal fluidized bed.- Movement of solid particles around bubbles in a three-dimensional fluidized bed at high temperatures.- A study of particle movement in a gas-fluidized bed.- The effect of shape on the mixing and segregation of large particles in a gas-fluidised bed of small ones.- Mechanism of solid segregation in gas fluidised beds.- Mechanism of particle mixing and segregation in gas fluidized beds.- The behaviour of a multicomponent granular material in a continuous fluidized bed classifier.- Particle mixing near the grid region of fluidized beds.- Grid leakage (weeping, dumping, particle backflow) in gas fluidized beds: the effect of bed height, grid thickness, wave breakers, cone-shaped grid holes and pressure drop fluctuations.- The behaviour of jets and particles near the gas distributor grid in a three-dimensional fluidized bed.- Cold-model studies of agglomerating gasifier discharge behavior.- Particle attrition in fluid-bed processes.- A model for attrition in fluidized beds.- The effect of fines on the behaviour of gas fluidized beds of small particles.- Powder flow from an aerated hopper.- The stability of vertical gas-solid downflow in bottom-restrained standpipes.- Flow regimes in a one-dimensional model of a standpipe.- Pneumatically controlled multi-stage fluidized beds.- Cocurrent gas/solids downflow in vertical cat cracker standpipes: effects of gas compression and solids compaction.- Particle entrainment from bubbling fluidized beds.- Elutriation and particle transport through the freeboard of a gas-solid fluidized bed.- Simultaneous solids entrainment and de-entrainment above a three-phase fluidized bed.- Potential improvements in the field of large particle fluidization.- The dynamics of fast fluidization.- The structure of a 15 cm diameter gas fluidised bed operated at up to 1 m/s and seen by X-rays.- The thermal regeneration of spent activated carbon by a packed fluidized bed.- Ignition of a fluidized bed catalytic cracking regenerator: freeboard region influence.- Experimental determinations of the vertical distribution of contact efficiency inside a fluidized catalyst bed.- An experimental test of slugging-bed reactor models.- Criteria for temperature multiplicity in fluidized bed reactors.- Contributors.