Studies in Viral Ecology

This book explains the ecology of viruses by examining their interactive dynamics with their hosting species (in this volume, in microbes and plants), including the types of transmission cycles that viruses have evolved encompassing principal and alternate hosts, vehicles, and vectoring species. Examining virology from an organismal biology approach and focusing on the concept that viral infections represent areas of overlap in the ecologies of the involved species, Viral Ecology is essential for students and professionals who either may be non–virologists or virologists whose previous familiarity has been very specialized.

VOLUME 1 DEDICATION ix PREFACE xi CONTRIBUTORS xiii ATTRIBUTION CREDITS FOR COVER AND SPINE ARTWORK xv SECTION I AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR OF VIRUSES 1 1 Defining the Ecology of Viruses 3 Christon J. Hurst 2 An Introduction to Viral Taxonomy with Emphasis on Microbial and Botanical Hosts and the Proposal of Akamara, a Potential Domain for the Genomic Acellular Agents 41 Christon J. Hurst 3 Virus Morphology, Replication, and Assembly 67 Debi P. Nayak 4 The (Co)Evolutionary Ecology of Viruses 131 Michael J. Allen SECTION II VIRUSES OF OTHER MICROORGANISMS 145 5 Bacteriophage and Viral Ecology as Seen Through the Lens of Nucleic Acid Sequence Data 147 Eric Sakowski, William Kress, and K. Eric Wommack 6 Viruses of Cyanobacteria 169 Lauren D. McDaniel 7 Viruses of Eukaryotic Algae 189 William H. Wilson and Michael J. Allen 8 Viruses of Seaweeds 205 Declan C. Schroeder 9 The Ecology and Evolution of Fungal Viruses 217 Michael G. Milgroom and Bradley I. Hillman 10 Prion Ecology 255 Reed B. Wickner SECTION III VIRUSES OF MACROSCOPIC PLANTS 271 11 Ecology of Plant Viruses, with Special Reference to Geminiviruses 273 Basavaprabhu L. Patil and Claude M. Fauquet 12 Viroids and Viroid Diseases of Plants 307 Ricardo Flores, Francesco Di Serio, Beatriz Navarro, Nuria Duran–Vila, and Robert A. Owens INDEX 343 VOLUME 2 DEDICATION ix PREFACE xi CONTRIBUTORS xiii ATTRIBUTION CREDITS FOR COVER AND SPINE ARTWORK xv SECTION I AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR OF VIRUSES 1 1 Defining the Ecology of Viruses 3 Christon J. Hurst 2 An Introduction to Viral Taxonomy with Emphasis on Animal Hosts and the Proposal of Akamara, a Potential Domain for the Genomic Acellular Agents 41 Christon J. Hurst 3 Virus Morphology, Replication, and Assembly 63 Debi P. Nayak 4 The (Co)evolutionary Ecology of Viruses 127 Michael J. Allen SECTION II VIRUSES OF MACROSCOPIC ANIMALS 141 5 Coral Viruses 143 William H. Wilson 6 Viruses Infecting Marine Molluscs 153 Tristan Renault 7 The Viral Ecology of Aquatic Crustaceans 177 Leigh Owens 8 Viruses of Fish 191 Audun Helge Nerland, Aina–Cathrine Øvergard, and Sonal Patel 9 Ecology of Viruses Infecting Ectothermic Vertebrates—The Impact of Ranavirus Infections on Amphibians 231 V. Gregory Chinchar, Jacques Robert, and Andrew T. Storfer 10 Viruses of Insects 261 Declan C. Schroeder 11 Viruses of Terrestrial Mammals 273 Laura D. Kramer and Norma P. Tavakoli 12 Viruses of Cetaceans 309 Marie–Franc¸oise Van Bressem and Juan A. Raga 13 The Relationship Between Humans, Their Viruses, and Prions 333 Christon J. Hurst 14 Ecology of Avian Viruses 365 Josanne H. Verhagen, Ron A.M. Fouchier, and Vincent J. Munster INDEX 395