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1. Introduction. Introduction. Demographic Changes. Access to Healthcare. Attitudes of Hispanics in the U.S. Schooling and Hispanic Students. Needs of Hispanic Students. Classroom Implications. Conclusions. Focus of This Book. 2. Changes in U.S. Schools. Immigration/Migration. Immigration Waves. Demographic Changes in U.S. Schools. At-Risk Factors. Civil Rights Legislation. Civil Rights Litigation. Special Education Legislation and Litigation. Bilingual Legislation and Litigation. Best Practices. 3. The Spanish Language. Heterogeneity of Hispanics. Cultural Influences. Religion. Family Values. Language considerations for SLPs. Spanish versus English Phonetics. Spanish versus English Phonology. Dialects of Spanish. Spanish Morphological and Syntactic Development. Best Practices. 4. Second Language Acquisition. Normal Processes of Second Language Acquisition. Bilingualism. Definition of Language Proficiency. Language Transfer and Interference. Fossilization. Interlanguage. Silent Period. Code switching, Code mixing, Borrowed words. Language Gains and Attrition (loss). Myths about Bilingual Students. Similarities and Differences in First and Second Language Acquisition. Separate vs. Single Language Systems. Single System. Separate Systems. Best Practices. 5. Distinguishing a Difference from a Disorder. Contextual Information. Pragmatics. Teacher Pragmatics. Observation. Environmental Influences. Working with Hispanic Parents and Children: General Characteristics. Modifying Assessment Procedures. Modifying Tests. Nonstandardized Approaches to Assessment. Best Practices. 6. Contributed Chapter from Carolyn Conway Madding. Socialization Practices of Latinos. Language. Familism. Compadrazgo. Mothers. Fathers. Siblings. Latino Children. Role of Children. Teaching Through Dichos. Discipline. Disability. Best Practices. Summary. 7. Clinician as a Qualitative Researcher. Qualitative Research and Speech-Language Pathology. Qualitative Versus Quantitative Research. Types of Qualitative Research. Interviews. Document Research. Ethnographic Methods. Qualitative Research Example. Conclusions. Best Practices. Appendix A: Qualitative Research and Ethnographic Reading List. 8. The Importance of Classroom Pragmatics to Academic Success. Pragmatics of Language. Student Pragmatics. Teacher Pragmatics. Conclusions. Best Practices. 9. The Pragmatics of Bilingual Classrooms: A Metaethnography of Qualitative Research. Code Switching and Code Mixing. Types of Language Alternation. Classroom Language and Code Switching. Teacher Uses of CS/CM. Purpose. Methods. Results. Conclusions. Best Practices. 10. Contributed Chapter from Raquel Anderson. Practical Assessment. Strategies with Latino Students. Introduction. Cases: Benito and Consuelo. Benito. Consuelo. What is the purpose of assessment? Obtaining Background Knowledge. Obtaining Child-specific Information. Use of an Interpreter. Parent Interview. Benito and Consuelo. Use of Norm-referenced Tests with Hispanic Children. Using Norm-referenced Tests: Benito and Consuelo. Criterion Referenced Procedures. Ethnographic Observations. Ethnographic Observations: Benito and Consuelo. Language Sampling. Language Samples: Benito and Consuelo. Dynamic Assessment. Dynamic Assessment: Benito and Consuelo. Best Practices. 11. Use of the World Wide Web for Professional Education Appropriate for Bilingual Students: Practical and Applied Sites. Technology Use. Bilingual Education Resources. English as a Second Language Sites. Spanish Language Sites. Bilingual Speech-Language Pathology Sites. General Search Engines. Conclusions. 12. Contributed Chapter from Celeste Roseberry McKibbin. Principles and Strategies in Intervention. Introduction. General Principles in Working with Hispanic Families. Health Care and Beliefs Regarding Disabilities: Implications for Intervention. Family Life and Practices: Implications for Intervention. Summary. General Service Delivery Issues. Collaborating With Regular Education Classroom Teachers and Curriculum. Facilitating Self Esteem. Strategies for Enhancing Learning in the Classroom. Modifying Teaching Style and Delivery. Intervention Techniques and Strategies. Second Language Teaching Technique. Total Physical Response. Conversational Routines. Cloze Activities. Backwards Chaining. Prevocational Activities and Intervention Strategies. Younger Students. Older Students. Pragmatic Language Skills. Thematic Redundance Approach. Enhancing Literacy Skills in Hispanic Students with LLD. General Literacy-Building Strategies. Increasing Phonological Awareness. Developing Narrative Skills. General Suggestions. Preview-View-Review Approach. Summary: Best Practices.