Where Does Violence Come From?, 1st ed. 2021 A Multidimensional Approach to Its Causes and Manifestations
Langue : Anglais
Where does violence come from? How can people do such things? These are often the first questions that arise when we witness violence in the in the media or in real life. This book provides comprehensive answers by combining the explanatory approaches from criminology, sociology, psychology, psychiatry, brain research, genetics, pedagogy, historical sciences, and justice into a big, exciting, and comprehensible picture - in an entertaining way with current, state-of-the art science(s). Multiple case studies are presented that show us the frightening diversity of human violence: acts of violence by individual perpetrators; violence between groups; riots and tumults by gangs and hooligans; violent ethnic and religious conflicts; extreme violence in the form of amok and terror; and up to armed conflicts, pogroms, and genocide. Last but not least, the knowledge gained from this book can help answer another big question: how can violence be contained or even prevented?
From the contents:
- How and where does violence originate in our brain?
- Why has a tendency towards violence become established as part of our behavioural repertoire in the development of humankind?
- What influences on personality development can lead to violent characters?
- How often is violence the product of a pathological psyche? Do genes play a role?
- Which social constellations contribute?
- What are the causes of rampage and terror?
- What is known about the relationship between religion and violence?
Contents
Foreword
1. introduction
2. forms of violence
o Classification into single perpetrator or group violence
o Classification according to cause and motivation
3. occurrence, frequency and consequences of violence
o Dimensions of violence in global comparison
o Violence in Germany
o Violence in partnerships
o Child abuse
o Psychological and economic long-term consequences of violence
o Current situation in historical comparison
4 Why does the tendency to violence belong to human characteristics?
o Aggression and violence as a result of
evolution of mankindo Variation of traits by gene selection
o Phylogenesis as the basis of violent tendency and prosocial behavior
o Why did prehumans and early humans disappear?
o Decrease of violence with increasing civilization ?
o Phylogenesis of pro-social behaviors that inhibit violence
5. heritability of aggressive behavior
o Importance of genes for behavior
o Interaction of genes and environment - epigenetics
o How strong is the influence of genes? Twin and family research
o Which genes play a role?
o What do genes do in the brain?
o Can gene analyses predict dangerous behavior?
o Prosocial behavior is also subject to genetic influences
o Genes and the future of our behavior
6 Neurobiology of violence
o Brain anatomical and brain physiological basics
o Evidence of "aggression centers" in the brain
o Regulation and control of "centers of aggression" in the braino Phylogenetic tripartition of brain structure and function: concept of the limbic system
o Stages of information flow through the brain
o Connection between violence and reward centers
o Neurobiology of prosocial behavior
o Brain biological basis of ethics and morality?
o Brain activity during empathyo Compassion can be trained
7. brain structure and brain dysfunction of violent offenders
o Examination of the brain with imaging techniques
o Causes of brain structure and function deficits
o Historical cases - prominent examples
o Brain pathological findings in incarcerated violent offenders.
8 Significance of hormones and neurotransmitters of the brain
o Testosterone
o Ocytocin
o Stress hormone cortisol
o serotonin
9. gender difference of the tendency to violence
o Phylogenetic causes
o Brain biological correlates
10. mental disorders and propensity to violence
o General risk of violence of mental disorders
o Schizophrenic and psychotic disorders
o Depressive disorders
o Bipolar diseases
o Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
o Brain-organic psychosyndromes
o Post-traumatic stress disorders
o Borderline personality disorder
o Dissocial / antisocial personality disorder
o Psychopathy ("psychopathy")
o Narcissistic and histrionic personality disorders
o Paranoid personality disorders - fanatics
o Pathological irascibility - rage syndrome - choleric personality disorder
o What is the risk of violence due to personality disorders?
11 Alcohol, drugs and violence
o Addiction as a cause and consequence of violence
o Frequency of violence under the influence of alcohol
o Effects of alcohol in the brain
o Effects of drugs
o Drug terror
12 Psychology of violence
o Historical attempts to explain violence
o Drive theories of Freud and Lorenz
o Frustration theory and learning theory
o Violence - a product of civilization?
o Violence only as a reaction to injustice or degradation?
o Banality of evil
o New psychological theories of aggression
o The dark tetrad of personality
13 Violence as an end in itself and for pleasure
o Current and historical examples
o Torture and sadism
o Sadistic serial killers
o Revenge
o Collective violence as intoxication
o Hedonistic violence as a relic of tribal history
o Brain biological correlates of hedonistic aggression
14 Social causes of violence
o Historical and geographical variations in the incidence of violence
o Importance of the state monopoly on violence in containing violence
o Flip sides of the state monopoly on violence
o Police violence
o Economic conditions and violence
o Social attitudes towards violence
o Classification of violence according to Reemtsma
o Anomie and disintegration as causes of violence
o Interaction of social, biographical and neurobiological conditions
15 Violence in children and adolescents - early risk factors
o Neurobiology of the maturing brain
o Incidence and frequency
o Are violent acts in children and adolescents on the rise?
o Causes of aggression and tendency to violence in childhood and adolescence
o New media and the risk of violence among adolescents
o Predictability of future violence among children and adolescents?
o Extremist attitudes among adolescents
16 Amok and school shooting
o Difference between amok and terror
o Frequency of rampages in Germany
o Frequency of rampages in the USA
o School shootings worldwide
o School-shootings in Germany
o Who becomes a spree killer?
o Measures for the prevention of rampages at schools
o EarlyWarning symptoms - "Leaking"
o Warning symptoms in adult spree killers
o Which brain functions are damaged in spree killers?
o Amoktaten in the preliminary stage of schizophrenic diseases
o Future risk of amoktats
17. terror
o What is terror?
o Historical background and current developments
o Increasing importance of the Internet
o Is terrorism on the rise?
o Who becomes a terrorist?
o Mental illness in individual cases
o Psychology and sociology of group terrorists
o Left-wing terrorism
o Right-wing terrorism
o Right-wing terrorism as a predominantly male phenomenon
o Islamist terrorism
o Peculiarities of Salafist terrorism
o Common characteristics of terrorist groups
o Characteristics of individual terrorists
o Brain structure and brain function of terrorists
o Confluence of personality traits and environment in terrorists
18 Collective violence, xenophobia, pogroms, genocide
o Collective violence as a legacy of evolution
o Similarities between humans and animals
o Historical dimensions of collective violence
o Risk factors for wars and genocides
o Social science studies on the emergence of group hatred
o Group violence as a male domain
o Disinhibition mechanisms - behavior in war
o Disinhibition as a mass psychological phenomenon
o Brain biological correlates of group aggression and racism
o Getting to know against prejudices
19 Sexual violence
o Definition
o Frequency
o Types of perpetrators
o War and sexual violence
o Phylogenetic aspects
20 Religion and violence
o Common characteristics of the major religions
o Violence in the name of religions
o Islam
o Christianity
o Judaism
o Buddhism and Hinduism
o Sects
o Psychological and sociological explanatory models for the connection between religion and violence
o Neuroscientific explanatory models for the connection between religion and violence
o Religious phenomena and violence in brain disorders
o Limits of knowledge
21. conclusions for the prediction and prevention of violence
o Limits of predictability of individual violence
o Predictability of collective violence
o Phylogenetic disposition to individual and collective violence remains unchanged
o Current starting point for violence prevention
o Prevention projects
o Concluding remarks
Prof. Bernhard Bogerts, MD, is a neuroscientist and psychiatrist. From 1994 to 2015, he was clinical director and full professor of psychiatry at the University of Magdeburg, Germany. Since his retirement, he has been the director of the Salus Institute in Magdeburg, whose scientific focus is research into the causes of violence. He has received several awards for his research on the brain-biological basis of mental disorders. He also became known for his work on psychological and brain pathological findings in violent offenders.
Explains the manifold causes and manifestations of violence in an easy-to-understand way
Provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of violence research
Integrates different scientific perspectives on violence from neuroscience, genetics, psychology, and sociology
Date de parution : 11-2021
Ouvrage de 222 p.
15.5x23.5 cm
Thèmes de Where Does Violence Come From? :
Mots-clés :
violence; neuropsychology; neurobiology; cognitive neuroscience; crime; criminal behavior
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