What Justices Want Goals and Personality on the U.S. Supreme Court

The most sophisticated theories of judicial behavior depict judges as rational actors who strategically pursue multiple goals when making decisions. However, these accounts tend to disregard the possibility that judges have heterogeneous goal preferences - that is, that different judges want different things. Integrating insights from personality psychology and economics, this book proposes a new theory of judicial behavior in which judges strategically pursue multiple goals, but their personality traits determine the relative importance of those goals. This theory is tested by analyzing the behavior of justices who served on the US Supreme Court between 1946 and 2015. Using recent advances in text-based personality measurement, Hall evaluates the influence of the 'big five' personality traits on the justices' behavior during each stage of the Court's decision-making process. What Justices Want shows that personality traits directly affect the justices' choices and moderate the influence of goal-related situational factors on justices' behavior.

1. Who they are and what they want; 2. Goals and personality; 3. Measuring justice personality; 4. Agenda setting; 5. Opinion assignments; 6. Intra-court bargaining; 7. Voting on the merits; 8. Separate opinions; 9. Behind the black robes; Appendices; Notes; Index.

Matthew E. K. Hall is Associate Professor of Political Science and Law at the University of Notre Dame. He specializes in American political institutions with an emphasis on judicial behavior, elite personality, and policy implementation. His book The Nature of Supreme Court Power (Cambridge, 2011) won the C. Herman Pritchett Award for Best Book on Law and Courts from the American Political Science Association.