Truth and History in the Ancient World Pluralising the Past Routledge Studies in Ancient History Series

This collection of essays investigates histories in the ancient world and the extent to which the producers and consumers of those histories believed them to be true. Ancient Greek historiographers repeatedly stressed the importance of truth to history; yet they also purported to believe in myth, distorted facts for nationalistic or moralizing purposes, and omitted events that modern audiences might consider crucial to a truthful account of the past. Truth and History in the Ancient World explores a pluralistic concept of truth ? one in which different versions of the same historical event can all be true ? or different kinds of truths and modes of belief are contingent on culture.

Beginning with comparisons between historiography and aspects of belief in Greek tragedy, chapters include discussions of historiography through the works of Herodotus, Xenophon, and Ktesias, as well as Hellenistic and later historiography, material culture in Vitruvius, and Lucian?s satire. Rather than investigate whether historiography incorporates elements of poetic, rhetorical, or narrative techniques to shape historical accounts, or whether cultural memory is flexible or manipulated, this volume examines pluralities of truth and belief within the ancient world ? and consequences for our understanding of culture, ancient or otherwise.

Preface

Abbreviations

List of Contributors

1. Introduction

Ian Ruffell and Lisa Irene Hau

2. The Challenging Abundance of the Past: Pluralising and Reducing in Pindar’s Victory Songs

Jan R. Stenger

3. Tragedy and Fictionality

Ian Ruffell

4. Seventeen Types of Ambiguity in Euripides’ Helen

Matthew Wright

5. Multiple Ways to Access the Past: the Myth of Oedipus, Sophocles' Oedipus Rex and Herodotus' Histories

Catherine Darbo-Peschanski

6. Fictional Truth and Factual Truth in Herodotus

Anthony Ellis

7. Se non è vero: On the Use of Untrue Stories in Herodotus.

Katharina Wesselmann

8. Intertextuality and Plural Truths in Xenophon’s Historical Narrative

Emily Baragwanath

9. Ctesias of Cnidus: Poet, Novelist or Historian?

Alexander Meeus

10. The Aesthetics of Truth: Narrative and Historical Hermeneutics in Polybius' Histories

Nicolas Wiater

11. Truth and Moralising: the Twin Aims of the Hellenistic Historiographers

Lisa Irene Hau

12. Alexander and the Amazonian Queen: Truth and Fiction

Joseph Roisman

13. Lucian on Truth and Lies in Ancient Historiography: the Theory and its Limits

Melina Tamiolaki

Index

Lisa Irene Hau is Lecturer in Classics at the University of Glasgow, UK. She has published articles on Greek historiography, moralising and narrative technique, and she is working on a book on moral didacticism in Greek historiography. She is co-editor of Beyond the Battlefields: NewPerspectives on Warfare and Society in the Graeco-Roman World (2008).

Ian Ruffell is Lecturer in Classics at the University of Glasgow, UK. He is author of Politics and Anti-Realism in Athenian Old Comedy: the Art of theImpossible (2011) and Aeschylus: PrometheusBound (2012).