Contents: Introduction; Bibliography. Part I Overview: Innovations in the European system of human rights protection: is enlargement compatible with reinforcement?, Peter Leuprecht. Part II The Inter-American System: The forgotten crucible: the Latin American influence on the universal human rights idea, Mary Ann Glendon; Introduction; Jo M. Pasqualucci; State compliance with court-ordered reparations, Jo M. Pasqualucci; The revised OAS Charter and the protection of human rights, Thomas Buergenthal; The inter-American human rights system at the dawn of the new century: recommendations for improvement of its mechanism of protection, Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade; The inter-American system for the protection of human rights, Christina M. Cerna; History and action: the inter-American human rights system and the role of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Robert K. Goldman; United States ratification of the American Convention on Human Rights, Joseph Diab; The role of the Inter-American Commission and Court of Human Rights in the protection of human rights: achievements and contemporary challenges, Mónica Pinto. Part III The European System: The European Court of Human Rights, Christiane Bourloyannis-Vrailas; The European Court of Human Rights after 50 years, Anthony Lester; Rethinking the European Court of Human Rights, Luzius Wildhaber; The European Court of Human Rights: the past, the present, the future, Luzius Wildhaber; Europe as a common home (address to the Council of Europe, 6 July 1989), Mikhail Gorbachev; Speech delivered at the ’Strasbourg dialogues’ public forum, 2 October 2009, Mikhail Gorbachev; Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, Opinion 193 (1996), application by Russia for membership of the Council of Europe; A human rights law of internal armed conflict: the European Court of Human Rights in Chechnya, William Abresch; ’Gentlemen at home, hoodlums elsewhere?’ The extra-territorial exercise of power by British forces in I