De Gaulle, Israel and the Jews

The lives of Raymond Aron and Charles de Gaulle intersected at significant moments in twentieth-century history, though they differed on many issues during World War II and over the subsequent decades. Aron, for example, distinguished between the attitude and responsibility of the Vichy government and the French Nazi collaborators in Paris, unlike de Gaulle, who regarded anyone who obeyed Marshal Petain as a traitor. In the postwar period, Aron differed from de Gaulle on a number of issues, including Algeria. But the strongest direct criticism by Aron of de Gaulle's language and policy resulted after a 1967 press conference, where he referred to Jews as "an elite people, self-assured and domineering."

This comment led Aron to write DeGaulle, Israel and the Jews. Aron saw de Gaulle conflating the issues of Israel and that of French Jews, and the question of Israeli policy in 1967 and other times. He stressed the right of individuals to be, at the same time, French and Jewish, and raised the question of whether de Gaulle intended to deliver a message to the Jews in the Diaspora or simply wanted to attack those in Israel. While Aron did not accuse de Gaulle of anti-Semitism, he felt that for the first time in postwar Europe, a leader had used language that lent respectability to anti-Semitism and made it legitimate.

De Gaulle, Israel and the Jews, translated from the French by John Sturrock and graced with a new introductory essay by Michael Curtis, allows us the opportunity to raise questions about de Gaulle and his policy in the Middle East. Was he anti-Semitic? What were his real attitudes and policies toward Israel, and how did they relate to his policies on the Middle East and on international affairs? This is a volume of contemporary relevance for students of political science, Middle East affairs, and international policy.

Introduction

Part I: The Press Conference

1. The Press Conference

2. The Age of Suspicion

Part II: During the Crisis

3. Sound of Arms in the Near East

4. Russia versus America

5. The Hour of Decision

6. Face to Face with Tragedy

7. How the War became Inevitable

8. The Tragic Ironies of History

9. Local Crisis or World Crisis?

10. Between Cabinets

11. Arms and Peace

12. Why?

13. Israel between War and Peace

14. A Diplomacy in Search of a Policy

15. Will the Arabs Agree to Negotiate?

16. Intervention of the Powers?

17. The UN in the Middle East Crisis

18. The UN and the Middle East Crisis

Part III: Before the Crisis

19. The Jews

20. The Jews and the State of Israel