Subcellular Biochemistry, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1978 Volume 5

The transition from the quarterly Sub-Cellular Biochemistry to the annual SUBCELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY is a good opportunity to restate the aims and scope of this publication. They were originally given (in Volume 1 No. 1) as follows: This review and essay journal . . . brings together work on a wide range of topics in sub-cellular biochemistry in the hope of stimulating progress towards an integrated view of the cell. It deals with the biochemistry and general biology of nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, chloroplasts, cell membranes, ribosomes, cell sap, flagellae and other specialized cell components. In addition to articles dealing with conventional biochemical studies on sub-cellular struc­ tures, the journal publishes articles on the genetics, evolution and biogenesis of cell organelles, bioenergetics, membrane behaviour and the interaction between cell structures, particularly between nucleus and cytoplasm. The first four volumes (in the quarterly format) fulfilled many, but not all, of these stated aims, and it is hoped that further articles in the new annual series will soon fill any deficiencies in the range of topics covered. Over the years we have intentionally not interpreted the title of the publication in a too literal sense. Although we have included specific articles on individual subcellular fractions (and certainly hope to do so again) the publication is definitely not only concerned with studies on the biochemistry of isolated cell fractions. The primary target is the "integrated view of the cell.

1 The Mitochondrial Translation System.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Components.- 2.1. Ribosomes.- 2.2. Transfer RNAs.- 2.3. Messenger RNAs.- 3. Protein Biosynthesis.- 3.1. Requirements for Amino Acid Incorporation by Mitochondria in Vitro.- 3.2. Requirements for Protein Synthesis on Isolated mt Ribosomes and Polyribosomes.- 3.3. Mitochondrial Peptide Chain Initiation.- 3.4. Mitochondrial Peptide Chain Elongation.- 3.5. Mitochondrial Peptide Chain Termination.- 3.6. Polyribosomes.- 3.7. Transcription-Translation Complexes.- 4. Products of the Mitochondrial Translation System.- 4.1. Methods of Specifically Identifying mt Translation Products.- 4.2. The Physical Nature of Mitochondrial Translation Products.- 4.3. Identification of Products of Mitochondrial Translation.- 4.4. Summary.- 5. Epilogue.- 6. References.- 2 The H1 Class of Histone and Diversity in Chromosomal Structure.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Physical Properties and Evolution of the H1 Histone.- 3. The Multiplicity of H1 Histones in Higher Organisms.- 4. Changes in the H1 Histone Complement during Development.- 5. Histone Synthesis and Histone Genes.- 6. The Phosphorylation of H1 Histones.- 6.1. Cyclic AMP and H1 Histone Phosphorylation.- 6.2. Cell Replication and H1 Histone Phosphorylation.- 6.3. A Summary of Phosphorylation Sites.- 7. The Conformations of H1 Histone.- 8. A Unifying Overview of the H1 Histones.- 9. References.- 3 Cellular Changes in the Small Intestine Epithelium in the Course of Cell Proliferation and Maturation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Kinetic Pattern of Cell Proliferation and Renewal in Small Intestine.- 2.1. Epithelial Crypts and Cell Proliferation.- 2.2. Intestinal Epithelium and Cell Migration.- 2.3. Discussion.- 3. The Cell Cycle in the Intestinal Crypt.- 3.1. Biochemistry of the Cell Cycle.- 3.2. Hormonal Regulation of Cell Proliferation.- 4. Differentiation of the Normal Intestinal Cell.- 4.1. Morphological Events during Differentiation in Small Intestine.- 4.2. Biochemical Events of the Differentiation in Small Intestine.- 4.3. Biochemistry and Physiology of the Five Types of Cells of the Small Intestinal Epithelium.- 5. Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in the Damaged Epithelium.- 5.1. Resection of the Small Intestine.- 5.2. Irradiation of the Small Intestine.- 5.3. Celiac Sprue.- 5.4. Chemical and Toxic Damage.- 5.5. Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency.- 6. Conclusion.- 7. References.- 4 Plant Growth Substances as Modulators of Transcription.- 1. Perspectives and Concepts.- 1.1. The Transcription Process.- 1.2. The Plant Growth Substance Receptor Concept.- 2. Eukaryotic Control of Transcription.- 2.1. DNA-Binding Proteins Involved in Transcription.- 2.2. DNA Binding of Hormone Receptors and Transcription.- 2.3. Modification of RNA Polymerase.- 3. Receptor Proteins of Plant Growth Substances and Transcription.- 4. Plant Growth Substances and Their Action on Transcription.- 4.1. Auxins and RNA Synthesis in Vivo and in Vitro.- 4.2. Gibberellin and RNA Synthesis in Vivo and in Vitro.- 4.3. Cytokinin and RNA Synthesis in Vivo and in Vitro.- 4.4. Abscisic acid and RNA Synthesis in Vivo and in Vitro.- 5. Proposed Hypothesis for the Mechanism of Auxin Action with Special Emphasis on Transcription.- 6. Conclusion.- 7. References.- 5 Molecular Structure of Biological Membranes: Functional Characterization.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Remarks on Membrane Structure.- 3. Asymmetrical Distribution of Proteins and Lipids.- 4. Plasma Membrane in Epithelial Cells.- 4.1. Junctional Plasma Membranes.- 4.2. Nonjunctional Plasma Membranes.- 5. Postsynaptic Membrane of the Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction.- 6. Plasma Membrane of the Fungus Phycomyces.- 7. Plasma Membrane of Dictyostelium discoideum.- 8. Bacterial Membranes.- 8.1. Purple Membrane of Halobacterium.- 8.2. Plasma Membrane of Bacteria.- 9. Interaction between Membranes, Microtubules, Myosin, and Actin in Nonmuscle Cells.- 10. Conclusion.- 11. References.- 6 Membrane Assembly and Turnover.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Synthesis of Membrane Components and Their Transfer to Sites of Assembly.- 2.1. Membrane Lipids.- 2.2. Membrane Proteins.- 2.3. Glycoprotein Assembly.- 3. The Assembly of the Endoplasmic Reticulum.- 3.1. Is the Endoplasmic Reticulum Synthesized and Turned Over as a Unit?.- 3.2. Are New Membranes Assembled at Specific Sites?.- 4. Plasma Membrane Assembly and Turnover.- 4.1. Intracellular Synthetic Pathways in Selected Systems Active in Synthesizing Membrane Components.- 4.2. The Turnover of the Plasma Membrane.- 5. Mechanisms of Removal of Plasma Membrane Components.- 6. The Removal of Excess Plasma Membrane during Secretion.- 7. Future Perspectives.- 8. References.- 7 Structural Compartmentation of the Cytosol: Zones of Exclusion, Zones of Adhesion, Cytoskeletal and Intercisternal Elements.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Zones of Exclusion.- 2.1. The Golgi Apparatus Zone of Exclusion and Its Structured Components.- 2.2. A Zone of Exclusion Containing Microfilaments: A Portion of the Cell Cortex.- 2.3. Other Examples of Zones of Exclusion.- 2.4. Zones of Exclusion and Cell Function.- 2.5. Coated Membrane Surfaces: Restricted to Zones of Exclusion?.- 3. Zones of Adhesion.- 3.1. Golgi Apparatus Zone of Adhesion.- 3.2. Other Examples of Zones of Adhesion.- 4. Conclusion.- 5. Summary.- 6. References.- Recent Books in Cell Biochemistry and Biology.- 1. Membranes and Receptors.- 2. Genetics.- 3. Cell Biology and Bioenergetics.- 4. General Topics.