Lipidomics Technologies and Applications

Focusing on the practical applications, this user-oriented guide presents current technologies and strategies for systems-level lipid
analysis, going beyond basic research to concentrate on commercial uses of lipidomics in biomarker and diagnostic development, as well
as within pharmaceutical drug discovery and development. The editor and authors have experience of the most recent analytical instruments and techniques, allowing them to provide here first-hand practical experience for newcomers to the field. The first half of the book covers current methodologies, ranging from global to targeted lipidomics and shotgun approaches, while the second part discusses the role of lipidomics in biomedical and pharmaceutical research, covering such diverse fields as inflammation, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and neurological disease. Both small and large-scale, high-throughput approaches are discussed, resulting in an invaluable source for academic and industrial research and development.

PREFACE

LIPIDOMICS PERSPECTIVE: FROM MOLECULAR LIPIDOMICS TO VALIDATED CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS
Introduction
Hierarchical Categorization of the Analytical Lipid Outputs
The Type of Lipid Information Delivers Different Biological Knowledge
Untying New Biological Evidences through Molecular Lipidomic Applications
Molecular Lipidomics Approaches Clinical Diagnostics
Current Roadblocks in Lipidomics
Conclusions

LIPIDS IN CELLS
Introduction
Basis of Cellular Lipid Distribution
Lipid Distribution by Nonvesicular Routes
Lipids in Different Cell Types
Functional Implications of Membrane Lipid Composition
Outlook: Collectives and Phase Separation

HIGH-THROUGHPUT MOLECULAR LIPIDOMICS
Introduction
Lipid Diversity
Function of Molecular Lipids
Automated Sample Preparation
Different Approaches to Molecular Lipidomics
Data Processing and Evaluation
Lipidomic Workflows
Conclusions and Future Perspectives

MULTIDIMENSIONAL MASS SPECTROMETRY-BASED SHOTGUN LIPIDOMICS
Introduction
Multidimensional Mass Spectrometry-Based Shotgun Lipidomics
Application of Multidimensional Mass Spectrometry-Based Shotgun Lipidomics for Lipidomic Analysis
Conclusions

TARGETED LIPIDOMICS: SPHINGOLIPIDOMICS
Introduction
Sphingolipids Description and Nomenclature
Sphingolipids Analysis via Targeted LC-MS/MS
Applications of Sphingolipidomics in Biology and Disease
Conclusions

STRUCTURAL LIPIDOMICS
Introduction
Lipid Structure
Structural Analysis of Lipids by Mass Spectrometry
sn Position
Double Bond Position
Double Bond Stereochemistry
Conclusions

IMAGING LIPIDS IN TISSUES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY
Introduction
Sample Preparation
Matrix
Instrumentation
Data Processing
Conclusions

LIPID INFORMATICS: FROM A MASS SPECTRUM TO INTERACTOMICS
Introduction
Lipid Nomenclature
Basic Properties of Lipid Mass Spectrometric Data
Data Processing
Lipidomic Data Mining and Visualization
Lipidomic Data Integration
Conclusions and Future Perspectives

LIPIDS IN HUMAN DISEASES
Introduction
Obesity
Dyslipidemia
Diabetes
Cardiovascular Disorders
Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy
Neurodegeneration
Cancer
Lysosomal Storage Disorders
Cystic Fibrosis
Anti-Inflammatory Lipid Mediators
Conclusions

LIPIDOMICS IN LIPOPROTEIN BIOLOGY
Introduction
Metabolism of Lipoproteins
Lipoproteinomics in Normolipidemic Subjects
Altered Lipoproteinomics in Dyslipidemia
Conclusions

MEDIATOR LIPIDOMICS IN INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
Introduction
PUFA-Derived Lipid Mediators: Formation and Action
LC-ESI-MS/MS-Based Lipidomics
Mediator Lipidomics in Inflammation and Resolution
Conclusion and Future Perspective

LIPIDOMICS FOR ELUCIDATION OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND RELATED LIPID METABOLIC DISORDER
Introduction
Basic Strategy of Lipidomics for Elucidating Metabolic Changes of Lipids at the Level of their Molecular Species in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Diseases
Analytical Systems by Mass Spectrometry in Lipidomics
Lipidomic Data Processing ü
Analysis of Lipids as Markers of Metabolic Syndrome
Direct Detection of Lipid Molecular Species in Specific Tissue Domains by Disease-Specific Changes
Conclusions

LIPIDOMICS IN ATHEROSCLEROTIC VASCULAR DISEASE
Introduction
Lipids and Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease
Diagnostics and Treatment
Conclusions

LIPID METABOLISM IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES
Introduction
Parkinson?s Disease
Conclusions

THE TUMOR MITOCHONDRIAL LIPIDOME AND RESPIRATORY BIOENERGETIC INSUFFICIENCY
Introduction
Cardiolipin and Electron Transport Chain Abnormalities in Mouse Brain Tumor Mitochondria
Complicating Influence of the in vitro Growth Environment on Cardiolipin Composition and Energy Metabolism
Bioinformatic Methods to Interpret Alterations in the Mitochondrial Lipidome
Conclusions

LIPIDOMICS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
Introduction
Biomarkers for Pharmaceutical Research
Strategy for Biomarker Discovery
Conclusions

INDEX

Kim Ekroos currently heads the bioanalytics division at Zora Biosciences in Espoo (Finland). He holds a Ph.D. from the Technical University of Dresden (Germany) and has conducted research in the group of Professor Kai Simons and Dr. Andrej Shevchenko at the Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden. Dr. Ekroos has also worked at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg (Germany). He has made major contributions to the advancement of basic research on lipids and their study with advanced mass spectroscopy methods and software tools. In addition, he has pharmaceutical industry experience from Astra Zeneca where he spent three years successfully developing and utilizing high-throughput molecular lipidomics methods. Today he is focusing on applied molecular lipidomics for unscrambling the mechanistic details by which alterations in tissue-specific lipid metabolism are directly linked to the etiology of lipid-mediated disorders for the benefit of basic science, drug target and lipid biomarker discovery, and development of clinical diagnostics.