Sustainable Dairy Production

• How to set up a sustainable production line
• How to quantify the carbon foot print of a dairy product by using life cycle analysis
• Current technologies to improve the carbon foot print
• What measures can be taken to reduce the global warming potential of the farm
• Reduction of water use in dairy production
• Marketing sustainable dairy products
• Bench marking of dairy products against other food products
• Potential future technological developments to improve the carbon foot print for the following decades

Preface ix

Contributors xi

1 Introduction 1
Peter de Jong

1.1 Sustainability and the dairy industry: hype or trend? 2

1.2 Quantifying the issue: measuring footprints 4

1.3 Communication: telling the whole story 5

1.4 Structure of this book 6

References 8

2 Greenhouse gas emissions from global dairy production 9
Theun V. Vellinga, Pierre Gerber and Carolyn Opio

2.1 Introduction 9

2.2 Methods for calculating emissions 11

2.3 Total emissions of the dairy sector 14

2.4 Discussion 26

References 28

3 Life cycle assessment 31
Maartje N. Sevenster

3.1 Introduction 31

3.2 Current life cycle assessment 32

3.3 Life cycle assessment in application 37

3.4 Life cycle assessment of dairy products 41

3.5 Life cycle assessment in strategy and policy 50

Acknowledgements 51

References 52

4 Sustainability and resilience of the dairy sector in a changing world: a farm economic and EU perspective 55
Roel Jongeneel and Louis Slangen

4.1 Introduction 56

4.2 Dairy economics and sustainability 62

4.3 Sustainability evaluation of the EU dairy sector 71

4.4 Agricultural policy 79

4.5 Conclusion 83

References 85

5 Dairy processing 87
Arjan J. van Asselt and Michael G. Weeks

5.1 Introduction 87

5.2 Key unit operations and their water and energy use 89

5.3 Possibilities for optimisation 101

5.4 Revisiting dairy processing: breakthrough technologies 114
References 117

6 The role of packaging in a sustainable dairy chain 119
Erika Mink

6.1 Introduction 120

6.2 Packaging sustainability: a growing market expectation 123

6.3 Packaging’s contribution to dairy sustainability 130

6.4 Global alignment of packaging requirements: implications for dairy 139

6.5 A company response: the example of Tetra Pak 150

6.6 Outlook: growing importance of economic and social pillars of sustainability 158

References 160

7 The business case for sustainable dairy products 163
Jaap Petraeus

7.1 Introduction 163

7.2 From a process-driven to a product-driven approach 164

7.3 Success factors for creating more sustainable processes and products 169

7.4 Implementation of sustainability within the company 175

7.5 The business case for sustainability 180

7.6 Policy and strategy adopted by different dairy companies 183

7.7 Looking to the future 183

7.8 Conclusion 184

References 186

Appendix: Overview of the sustainability policy and strategy of various companies 187

8 A case study of marketing sustainability 191
Grietsje Hoekstra, Corine Kroft and Klaas Jan van Calker

8.1 Introduction 191

8.2 What is sustainability? 193

8.3 Motivations for sustainability 196

8.4 Choose your battles: sustainability strategy issues 198

8.5 Getting to work 203

8.6 Communicating sustainability 212

8.7 Conclusion 217

Acknowledgement 218

References 219

9 Cradle to Cradle for innovations in the dairy industry 221
Wil A.M. Duivenvoorden

9.1 Introduction 222

9.2 A tool for C2C®-driven innovation (PROPER model) 229

9.3 Cradle to Cradle for the dairy industry 232

9.4 Conclusion 238

References 241

10 The future of sustainable dairy production 243
Peter de Jong

10.1 Future relevance of sustainable dairy 243

10.2 Next steps in chain innovation 244

10.3 Communication and marketing 247

10.4 Business case: people, planet and profit 247

10.5 Conclusion 249

References 250

Index 251