Managing sea cucumber fisheries with an ecosystem approach FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture technical paper Series, Vol. 520
Langue : Anglais
Auteurs : PURCELL S., ABABOUCH Lahsen, VASCONCELLOS M., YE Y
Sea cucumbers are important resources for coastal livelihoods and
ecosystems. At least 60 species are fished from more than 40 countries and
most of the harvests are processed then exported to Asian markets. Sea
cucumbers generally appear to have slow rates of population turnover and
are easily harvested in shallow waters in the tropics. With retail prices
of up to USD300–500 per kg (dried), exploitation has often been
indiscriminant and excessive. Overfishing in recent years has led to local
extinction of high-value species in some localities and prompted closures
of many national fisheries to allow stocks to recover and to allow more
sustainable management plans to be established. Apart from a few developed
countries, only a small number of sea cucumber fisheries are currently
being managed sustainably. Sea cucumber fisheries differ greatly in the
scale of the fishing activities, status of stocks and the capacity of the
management agency. Consequently, some management measures will be
appropriate in some fishery scenarios but not others. This document
presents a logical framework to assist fishery managers in choosing an
appropriate suite of regulatory measures and management actions and
elaborates on the uses, limitations and ways to implement them. This
document contains five main sections. The first provides an overview of
the biology and ecology of sea cucumbers, the international market for
beche-demer market, types of sea cucumber fisheries and their global
status (i.e. population abundance). The second section summarizes
fisheries management principles and approaches, with an emphasis on the
ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). The third section provides the
“roadmap”, by way of instructions, flow diagrams and tables, to lead
fishery managers along the path of choosing management measures
appropriate to their fishery. The fourth and fifth sections discuss the
application of each regulatory measure and management action – with
Examples and lessons learned boxes to illustrate management problems and
potential solutions from various fisheries. Improved management of sea
cucumber fisheries is an imperative. It will be best achieved by applying
an EAF, in which multiple regulatory measures and management actions are
applied in full consideration of the sea cucumber stocks, the ecosystems
in which they live and the socio-economic systems that drive exploitation.
The commitment of governments, fishery managers and scientists to develop,
apply and strictly enforce EAF will be crucial to sustaining sea cucumber
populations for current and future generations.
Date de parution : 04-2010
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