Governance of Marine Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation Interaction and Co-evolution

Governance of Marine Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation explores governance of the world?s oceans with a focus on the impacts of two inter-connected but historically separate streams of governance: one for fisheries, the other for biodiversity conservation.  Chapters, most co-authored by leading experts from both streams, investigate the interaction of these governance streams from ecological, economic, social and legal perspectives, with emphasis on policies, institutions processes, and outcomes on scales from the global to the local community, and with coverage of a range of themes and regions of the world. 

The book opens with chapters setting the historical context for the two marine governance streams, and framing the book?s exploration of whether, as the streams increasingly interact, there will be merger or collision, convergence or co-evolution.  The concluding chapter synthesizes the insights from throughout the book, relative to the questions posed in the opening chapters.  It also draws conclusions about future needs and directions in the governance of marine fisheries and biodiversity, vital to the future of the world?s oceans.

With cutting edge chapters written by many leading international experts in fisheries management and biodiversity conservation, and edited by three leading figures in this crucially important subject, Governance of Marine Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation is an essential purchase for fisheries scientists, economists, resource managers and policymakers, and all those working in fields of biodiversity conservation, marine ecology, and coastal livelihoods. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where environmental and/or marine studies, conservation, ocean policy and law, biological and life sciences, and fisheries management are studied and taught, should have copies of this most important book.

Notes on contributors viii

Foreword by Bonnie J. McCay xvi

Foreword by Árni M. Mathiesen xviii

Foreword by Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias xx

Preface xxii

Acknowledgements xxv

List of selected acronyms xxvi

Glossary xxx

PART I: GOVERNANCE TRENDS AND CHALLENGES 1

1 Governance of marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation: A history 3
S.M. Garcia, J. Rice and A. Charles

2 Governance of marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation: Convergence or coevolution? 18
S.M. Garcia, J. Rice and A. Charles

3 Governance of marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation: the integration challenge 37
S.M. Garcia, J. Rice and A. Charles

PART II: GOVERNANCE DIMENSIONS 53

4 Bio-ecological dimensions of fisheries management, biodiversity and governance 55
J. Rice and P. Mace

5 The economic dimension: addressing behaviour, incentives and context for effective governance 68
S. Hanna

6 The social dimension: the challenge of dealing with equity 82
B. Hersoug

7 The global legal dimension: navigating the legal currents of rights and responsibilities 96
A.H. Hoel and D. VanderZwaag

8 Spatial dimensions of fisheries and biodiversity governance 110
R. Kenchington, O. Vestergaard and S.M. Garcia

9 Scientific foundation: towards integration 124
J. Rice, S. Jennings and A. Charles

PART III: GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 137

10 Global level institutions and processes: frameworks for understanding critical roles and foundations of cooperation and integration 139
L. Ridgeway

11 Global level institutions and processes: assessment of critical roles, foundations of cooperation and integration and their contribution to integrated marine governance 148
L. Ridgeway

12 Integrative policy and legal instruments, approaches and tools: fisheries and biodiversity conservation 166
B. Kuemlangan, J. Sanders, P. Deupmann and C. De Young

13 Conservation and risk of extinction of marine species 181
P. Mace, C. O’Criodain, J. Rice and G. Sant

14 Parallel initiatives: CBD’s Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) and FAO’s Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) criteria and processes 195
J. Rice, J. Lee and M. Tandstad

PART IV: REGIONAL GOVERNANCE 209

15 Regional governance for fisheries and biodiversity 211
R. Warner, K.M. Gjerde and D. Freestone

16 Regional governance: the case of NEAFC and OSPAR 225
K. Hoydal, D. Johnson and A.H. Hoel

17 Regional governance: the Mediterranean cradle 239
F. Simard, M. Camilleri and L. Sbai

18 CCAMLR and Antarctic conservation: the leader to follow? 253
D. Miller and N.M. Slicer

19 Implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries in the Benguela Current LME area 271
J. Augustyn, S. Petersen, L. Shannon and H. Hamukuaya

20 Governance of marine fisheries and conservation in the context of the European Union 285
S. Beslier and B. Drobenko

PART V: NATIONAL GOVERNANCE 299

21 The use of national frameworks for sustainable development of marine fisheries and conservation, ecosystem-based management and integrated ocean management 301
K. Sainsbury, P. Gullestad and J. Rice

22 Small-scale fisheries: importance, vulnerability and deficient knowledge 317
J. Kolding, C. Béné and M. Bavinck

23 Stewardship in tropical small-scale fisheries: community and national perspectives 332
P. Christie, L.M. Campbell and N. Armada

24 Making space for small-scale fishing communities: use and misuse of spatial management instruments 346
M.R. Sowman, R. Rajagopalan, C. Sharma and J. Sunde

25 ENGOs and SIDS: environmental interventions in small island developing states 360
P. McConney, R. Pomeroy and Z. Khan

26 The role of capacity building for improving governance of fisheries and conservation of marine ecosystems 374
J.C. Seijo and S. Salas

27 F ishers’ organizations: their role in decision-making for fisheries and conservation 385
M. Makino, A.S. Cabanban and S. Jentoft

28 The role of courts in fisheries management and marine biodiversity protection: US and EU systems 398
P. Shelley and T. van Rijn

PART VI: CONCLUSION 411

29 A tale of two streams: synthesizing governance of marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation 413
A. Charles, S.M. Garcia and J. Rice

ANNEXES

Annex 1: History of fisheries and biodiversity conservation: A timeline of key events (1850–2012) 429

Annex 2: Key global institutions, bodies and processes: Roles, participation and main focus 461

Index 497

Serge M. Garcia is the former Research Director of the French Institute of Research for Development (IRD) and former Director of the FAO Fisheries Management Division. Now retired, he chairs the Fisheries Expert Group of the IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management (IUCN-CEM-FEG) established under the coordination of the European Bureau of Conservation and Development (EBCD).

Jake Rice is Chief Scientist, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Government of Canada (DFO) and senior Canadian science advisor on international marine conservation and sustainable use policy. He has over 250 scientific and technical publications, in 32 years in the Science sector of DFO.  He has been active as a scientific expert and in delegations to CBD, FAO, IPCC and various UN working groups. He is the vice chair of IUCN-CEM-FEG.

Anthony Charles is Director of the School of the Environment and Professor in the School of Business at Saint Mary’s University (Halifax, Canada). He is a Pew Fellow in Marine Conservation, and leads the international Community Conservation Research Network. His work focuses on marine resource management, economics and policy, coastal communities and small-scale fisheries. He is an active member of the IUCN-CEM-FEG.