Nanosources and Manipulation of Atoms Under High Fields and Temperatures: Applications, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1993 NATO Science Series E: Series, Vol. 235

This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO-Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) "Manipulation of atoms under high fields and temperatures: Applications", sponsored by the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, Special Programme on Nanoscale Science. This ARW took place in Summer '92, in the pleasant surroundings of the Hotel des Thermes at Charbonnieres les Bains -Lyon, France. Gathering some fifty experts from different fields, the ARW provided an opportunity to review the basic principles and to highlight the progress made during the last few years on the nanosources and the interactions between atomic-scale probes and samples. The motivation is to use the novel properties attached to the atomic dimensions to develop nanoscale technologies. The perception of the atomic-scale world has greatly changed since the discovery and development, in the early 80's, of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) by Binnig and Rohrer. Beyond the observation of individual atoms, which is now routine, the concept of playing with atoms has become commonplace. This has lead to the fashioning of tools at the atomic scale, to the deposition, the displacement and the creation of atomic structures and also to the knowledge of interactions and contacts between atoms. Nanotips ending with a single atom are sources of ultra-fine charged beams. They can be unique tools for high resolution observations, for micro­ fabrications by micro-machining and deposition at a scale not previously attainable, with a working distance less stringent than with STM devices.

Local Probe Methods and Miniaturization.- Nanosources and Applications.- Low Energy Electron Microscopy.- Nanotips and Transmission Low Energy Electron Diffraction.- Lensless Low Energy Electron Point Source Microscopy.- Electron Focusing: Computer Simulation.- Nanotip Fashioning and Nanosource Characteristics.- Electron Emission from Nanometer-Size Metallic Clusters: Electronic States and Structural Stability of Supported Au Clusters.- On the Energy Dissipation in Field Emission and Tunneling Microscopy.- Miniaturized Electron Microscope.- Direct Observation of the Motion of Individual Surface Atoms on a Picosecond Timescale.- Single-Electron Manipulation Under High-Field at Room Temperature.- Focused Ion Beams and their Applications in Microfabrication.- Miniaturized Liquid Metal Ion Sources (MILMIS).- Integrated Microtips: Application to Flat Displays.- Tip-Surface Interactions and Applications.- Field-Induced Transfer of an Electropositive Atom Between Two Closely Spaced Electrodes.- Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Metal Surfaces: Surface Melting and Non-Melting, and Tip-Surface Interactions.- Atomic Manipulation Using Field Evaporation.- What is Underneath ? Moving Atoms and Molecules to Find Out.- Local Experiments Using Nanofabricated Structures in STM.- Quantum Atom Switch: Tunneling of Xe Atoms.- The Eigler Xe Switch: Its Atomic Structure from Xe Energy Minimization and STM Image Calculations.- Friction and Forces on an Atomic Scale.- Atomic-Scale Adhesion.- Local Modification of Langmuir-Blodgett Films byAtomic Force Microscopy.- Layered Semiconductors as Materials for (Sub)Nanometer Scale Surface Modification with the STM.- Micromachined Silicon Tools for Nanometer-Scale Science.- List of Participants.