Nanomaterials, 2009 Risks and Benefits NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security Series

Many potential questions regarding the risks associated with the development and use of wide-ranging technologies enabled through engineered nanomaterials. For example, with over 600 consumer products available globally, what information exists that describes their risk to human health and the environment? What en- neering or use controls can be deployed to minimize the potential environmental health and safety impacts of nanomaterials throughout the manufacturing and product lifecycles? How can the potential environmental and health benefits of nanotechnology be realized and maximized? The idea for this book was conceived at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on ?Nanomaterials: Environmental Risks and Benefits and Emerging Consumer Products. ? This meeting ? held in Algarve, Portugal, in April 2008 ? started with building a foundation to harmonize risks and benefits associated with nanomaterials to develop risk management approaches and policies. More than 70 experts, from 19 countries, in the fields of risk assessment, decision-analysis, and security discussed the current state-of-knowledge with regard to nanomaterial risk and benefits. The discussion focused on the adequacy of available risk assessment tools to guide nanomaterial applications in industry and risk governance. The workshop had five primary purposes: Describe the potential benefits of nanotechnology enabled commercial products. Identify and describe what is known about environmental and human health risks of nanomaterials and approaches to assess their safety. Assess the suitability of multicriteria decision analysis for reconciling the benefits and risks of nanotechnology.

Preface.- Acknowledgements.- Part 1. Human Health Risks.- Human Health Risks of Engineered Nanomaterials: Critical Knowledge Gaps in Nanomaterials Risk Assessment; A. Elder et al.- Disposition of Nanoparticles as a Function of their Interactions with Biomolecules; I. Lynch, A. Elder.- Assessment of Quantum Dot Penetration into Skin in Different Species under Different Mechanical Actions; N.A. Monteiro-Riviere, L.W. Zhang.- Nanotechnology – the Occupational Health and Safety Concerns; S. Chan-Remillard et al.- Biomarkers of Nanoparticles Impact on Biological Systems; V. Mikhailenko et al.- Nanocontamination of the Soldiers in a Battle Space; A.M. Gatti, S. Montanari.- Part 2. Environmental Risk.- SMARTEN: Strategic Management and Assessment of Risks and Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials; C. Metcalfe et al.- Solid-Phase Characteristics of Engineered Nanoparticles: A Multi-Dimensional Approach; M.A. Chappell.- Nanomaterial Transport, Transformation, and Fate in the Environment: A Risk-based Perspective on Research Needs; G.V. Lowry, E.A. Casman.- Visualization and Transport of Quantum Dot Nanomaterials in Porous Media; C.J. G. Darnault et al.- Developing an Ecological Risk Framework to Assess Environmental Safety of Nanoscale Products: Ecological Risk Framework; L. Kapustka et al.- Development of a Three-Level Risk Assessment Strategy for Nanomaterials; N.O’Brien, E. Cummins.- Classifying Nanomaterial Risks Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis; I. Linkov et al.- Part 3. Technology and Benefits.- Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology: Applications, Consumer Products, and Benefits; G. Adlakha-Hutcheon et al.- Risk Reduction via Greener Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanostructures and Nanocomposites; M.N. Nadagouda, R.S. Varna.- Remediation of Contaminated Groundwater Using Nano-Carbon Colloids; R.R. Khaydarov et al.- A Novel Size-Selective Airborne Particle Sampling Instrument (WRAS) for Health Risk Evaluation; H. Gnewuch et al.- Nanotechnologies and Environmental Risks:Measurement Technologies and Strategies; T.A.J. Kuhlbusch et al.- Part 4. International Perspectives.- Processing of Polymer Nanofibers through Electrospinning as Drug Delivery Systems; E. Kenawy et al.- Air Pollution Monitoring and Use of Nanotechnology Based Solid State Gas Sensors in Greater Cairo Area, Egypt; A.B.A. Ramadan.- Advanced Material Nanotechnology in Israel; O. Figovsky et al.- Silver Nanoparticles: Environmental and Human Health Impacts; R.R. Khaydarov et al.- Developing Strategies in Brazil to Manage the Emerging Nanotechnology and its Associated Risks; A.S.A. Arcuri et al.- The Current State-of-the-Art in the Area of Nanotechnology Risk Assessment in Russia; M. Melkonyan, S. Kozyrev.- Environmental Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials; A.A. Bayramov.- Part 5. Policy and Regulatory Aspects.- Considerations for Implementation of Manufactured Nanomaterial Policy and Governance; F.K. Satterstrom et al.- The Safety of Nanotechnologies at the OECD; P. Kearns et al.- Nanomaterials in Consumer Products: Categorization and Exposure Assessment; S. Foss Hansen et al.- Strategic Approaches for the Management of Environmental Risk Uncertainties Posed by Nanomaterials; S. Shalhevet, N. Haruvy.- Nanomaterials: Applications, Risks, Ethics and Society; A. Vaseashta.- Group Decision-Making in Selecting Nanotechnology Supplier: AHP Application in Presence of Complete and Incomplete Information; B. Srdjevic et al.- Uncertainty in Life Cycle Assessment of Nanomaterials: Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Framework for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes in Power Applications; T.P. Seager, I. Linkov.- Knowing Much While Knowing Nothing: Perception and Misperception about Nanomaterials; J.M. Palma-Oliveira et al.- List of Participants.- Author Index.-