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Crystallography and crystal defects (2nd Ed.)

Langue : Anglais

Auteurs :

Couverture de l’ouvrage Crystallography and crystal defects
Extensively revised and updated, this new edition of a classic text presents a unified approach to crystallography and to the defects found within crystals. The book combines the classical and exact description of symmetry of a perfect crystal with the possible geometries of the major defects-dislocations, stacking faults, point defects, twins, interfaces and the effects of martensitic transformations. A number of important concepts and exciting new topics have been introduced in this second edition, including piezoelectricity, liquid crystals, nanocrystalline concepts, incommensurate materials and the structure of foamed and amorphous solids. The coverage of quasicrystalline materials has been extended, and the data tables, appendices and references have been fully updated.

Reinforcing its unrivalled position as the core text for teaching crystallography and crystal defects, each chapter includes problem sets with brief numerical solutions at the end of the book. Detailed worked solutions, supplementary lecture material and computer programs for crystallographic calculations are provided online ( and Crystal Defects, Second Edition is a valuable resource for senior undergraduate and graduate students of materials science, metallurgy, physics, chemistry, electrical, civil and mechanical engineering. It will also prove a useful and comprehensive reference source for advanced researchers.

Preface xiii

Section I Perfect Crystals 1

1 Lattice Geometry 3

1.1 The Unit Cell 3

1.2 Lattice Plane and Directions 7

1.3 The Weiss Zone Law 11

1.4 Symmetry Elements 14

1.4.1 Translational Symmetry 15

1.4.2 Rotational Symmetry 15

1.4.3 Reflection Symmetry 16

1.5 Restrictions on Symmetry Elements 16

1.6 Possible Combinations of Rotational Symmetries 21

1.7 Crystal Systems 26

1.8 Space Lattices (Bravais Lattices) 26

Problems 37

Suggestions for Further Reading 40

References 41

2 Point Groups and Space Groups 43

2.1 Macroscopic Symmetry Elements 43

2.2 Orthorhombic System 49

2.3 Tetragonal System 52

2.4 Cubic System 53

2.5 Hexagonal System 56

2.6 Trigonal System 59

2.7 Monoclinic System 63

2.8 Triclinic System 65

2.9 Special Forms in the Crystal Classes 67

2.10 Enantiomorphous Crystal Classes 68

2.11 Laue Groups 69

2.12 Space Groups 69

2.13 Nomenclature for Point Groups and Space Groups 78

2.14 Groups, Subgroups and Supergroups 79

2.15 An Example of a Three-Dimensional Space Group 79

Problems 82

Suggestions for Further Reading 84

References 84

3 Crystal Structures 85

3.1 Introduction 85

3.2 Common Metallic Structures 86

3.2.1 Cubic Close-Packed (Fm3 - m) 86

3.2.2 Hexagonal Close-Packed (P63 /mmc) 90

3.2.3 Double Hexagonal Close-Packed (P63 /mmc) 92

3.2.4 Body-Centred Cubic (Im3 - m) 92

3.3 Related Metallic Structures 93

3.3.1 Indium (I4/mmm) 93

3.3.2 Mercury (R3 - m) 94

3.3.3 b-Sn (I41/amd) 94

3.4 Other Elements and Related Compounds 95

3.4.1 Diamond (Fd3 - m) 95

3.4.2 Graphite (P63 /mmc) 95

3.4.3 Hexagonal Boron Nitride (P63 /mmc) 97

3.4.4 Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth (R3 - m) 97

3.5 Simple MX and MX2 Compounds 98

3.5.1 Sodium Chloride, NaCl (Fm3 - m) 98

3.5.2 Caesium Chloride, CsCl (Pm3 - m) 99

3.5.3 Sphalerite, a-ZnS (F4 - 3m) 100

3.5.4 Wurtzite, b-ZnS (P63mc) 101

3.5.5 Nickel Arsenide, NiAs (P63/mmc) 101

3.5.6 Calcium Fluoride, CaF2 (Fm3 - m) 102

3.5.7 Rutile, TiO2 (P42/mnm) 103

3.6 Other Inorganic Compounds 104

3.6.1 Perovskite (Pm3 - m) 104

3.6.2 a-Al2O3 (R3 - c), FeTiO3 (R3 - ) and LiNbO3 (R3c) 105

3.6.3 Spinel...

Anthony Kelly is an Emeritus Professor and a Distinguished Research Fellow in the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy at Cambridge University (UK). Professor Kelly has been employed in universities, in governmental science (National Physical Laboratory) and in industry (ICI). He was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Surrey (UK) and while there he established the Surrey Research Park. In 1963 with Robin Nicholson he produced the first synthesis relating type of dispersion and work hardening characteristics of metals. This has become an SCI citation classic. Since 2000 his main research interest is in using composite principles to control and to modify the thermal expansion coefficients of materials. He is the principal author of the two previous very successful editions of "Crystallography and Crystal Defects" and of other books and has a worldwide reputation in materials science.

Dr. Kevin Knowles is senior lecturer at Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy at the University of Cambridge (UK). He received his DPhil at Oxon (UK) on aspects of the crystallography of martensitic transformations. Dr. Knowles has lectured and supervised a course on crystallography to third year undergraduates and he lectures and supervises a course on plasticity and deformation processing to undergraduates. The research interests of his group focus on the relationship between microstructure and the mechanical and electronic properties of engineering ceramics.

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