Part I
The Anthropocene
1 The Anthropocene
1.1 Understanding the Anthropocene
1.1.1 What is the Anthropocene?
1.1.2 The challenges
1.1.3 The 21st century environment
1.2 Aims and objectives of the book
Part II
Hydro-climatic extremes
2 Hydro-climatic extremes
2.1 Hydrological extremes in the 21st century
2.1.1 Changes in the characteristics of extreme events
2.1.2 The Earth System in the Anthropocene
2.2 Operational monitoring
2.2.1 Earth resources satellites
2.2.2 Climate models
2.2.3 Global hydrological models
2.2.4 Data assimilation and downscaling
2.3 Aims and objectives of the book
Part III
Water resources
3 How much freshwater is available?
3.1 Are we running out of freshwater?
3.1.1 The wet versus the dry
3.1.2 Water crises, security, and scarcity
3.1.3 Water demand and climate
3.1.4 Threats to freshwater availability
3.2 Safe limits, sustainability, and resilience
3.2.1 Pursuing water security and sustainability
3.2.2 Building resilience
3.2.3 Water reallocation
3.3 Optimizing monitoring framework
3.3.1 The tools for monitoring
3.3.2 Limitations and challenges to monitoring
4 Satellite hydrology
4.1 Multi-mission satellite hydrology systems
4.1.1 Radar systems
4.1.2 Time-variable satellite gravity missions
4.2 Quantifying land water storage
4.2.1 Terrestrial water storage
4.2.2 Satellite observations of changes in groundwater
4.2.3 Surface water hydrology
4.2.4 Reconstruction from models and observations
4.3 Benefits of satellite hydrology systems
4.3.1 Tracking climate change
4.3.2 Hydrological processes
4.3.3 Understanding anthropogenic influence
4.3.4 Policy frameworks
5 Can the wells run dry?
5.1 Groundwater resources
5.1.1 Global groundwater status
5.1.2 What is groundwater drought?
5.1.3 Measuring groundwater drought
5.1.4 Impacts of extraction and drought
5.1.5 Groundwater processes
5.1.6 Recharge
5.1.7 Discharge
5.2 Sustainable limits
5.2.1 Human population and risk
5.2.2 Adaptation and resilience to climate change
6 Multi-satellite systems in environmental monitoring
6.1 Advancing understanding of environmental systems
6.1.1 Monitoring to improve decision and policies
6.1.2 Remote sensing of the environment
6.2 New platforms and technology for monitoring
6.2.1 Emerging optical systems
6.2.2 Cloud computing platforms
Part IV
Machine learning
7 Novel machine learning applications
7.1 Machine learning and satellite hydrology
7.2 Quantifying influence of oceanic variability
7.3 Deep learning methods for land water storage
7.3.1 Groundwater level modelling with machine learning
7.3.2 Reconstruction of terrestrial water storage
7.3.3 Downscaling of terrestrial water storage
7.4 Machine learning models for extreme events
7.4.1 Floods
7.4.2 Droughts
7.5 Feature extraction from multi-satellite systems
Part V
Hydro-climatic extremes
8 Drought characterization and links to global climate
8.1 Drought and influence of climate teleconnection patterns
9 Measuring impacts of drought from space
9.1 Drought impacts on water availability
10Changes in hydro-meteorological conditions
10.1 Flood risk
10.2 Drought events
10.3 Wildfires
11Modelling impacts of climate change on freshwater
11.1 Drought variability, frequency and duration