Experimental Hydraulics: Methods, Instrumentation, Data Processing and Management, Two Volume Set IAHR Monographs Series

This two-volume book is a comprehensive guide to designing, conducting and interpreting experiments in a broad range of topics associated with hydraulic engineering. It is the first substantial effort in hydraulic engineering to assemble in one place descriptions of all the components of experimentation along with a concise outline of essential theory to highlight the intrinsic connection between analytical and experimental research and illustrate the need for their complementary use. Providing end-to-end guidance to support experimentalists is long overdue, as most of the information can only be found in scientific papers or specialized monographs on laboratory and fieldwork practice. The book was prepared for college faculty, researchers, practitioners, and students involved in hydraulics experiments.

Written by a team of more than 45 authors well-experienced in hydraulics experimentation, the book takes into account experiments performed under a range of conditions, including well-equipped and -staffed laboratories, and laboratories lacking aspects of advanced instrumentation and expertise. The book could serve as a textbook on hydraulics experiments. Its style is intentionally concise and makes frequent use of convenient summaries, tables and figures to present information. The writers provide specific guidance on methods and instruments currently used in hydraulics experiments, and emphasizes new and emerging measurement technologies and analysis methods. Extensive references enable interested readers to further explore details on each topic. Although the book focuses primarily on laboratory experiments, including hydraulic modelling, it also applies to fieldwork of varying complexity and accessibility.

Volume I

1. Introduction
1.1 Book Overview
1.2 The role of hydraulics experiments
1.3 Approach
1.4 Structure of volume I
References

2. Hydraulic Flows: Overview
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Turbulent flows in hydraulic engineering
2.3 Turbulence mechanics: Concepts and descriptive frameworks
2.4 Open-channel flows
2.5 Complex flows
2.A Appendix
Notation
References

3. Similitude
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Basics
3.3 Dynamic similitude from flow equations
3.4 Water flow
3.5 Multi-pase flow and transport processes
3.6 Addressing similitude shortcomings
3.A. Appendix: Dimensional analysis
Notation
References

4. Selection and design of the experimental setup
4.1 The experimental process
4.2 Experimental setup components
4.3 Laboratory facilities
4.4 Instrument selection
4.5 From signals to data references

5. Experiment execution
5.1 Instrument-flow and facility-flow interactions
5.2 Conducting the experiment
5.3 Field experiments
5.4 Complex experiments
5.5 Interaction of experiments with numerical modeling
References

6. Data analysis
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Basic concepts, terminology, and notation in probability and statistics
6.3 Descriptive statistics and exploratory data analysis
6.4 Hyphotheses, statistical significance, and interval estimates
6.5 Bootstrapping
6.6 Regression
6.7 Bayesian inference
6.8 Extended examples in regression
6.9 Classification analysis: Logistic regression, linear discrimination analysis, and tree classification
6.10 Machine (or statistical) learning approaches
6.11 Data conditioning: Time series and filtering
6.12 Time series and spectral analysis
6.13 Spatial interpolation, kriging, and spatial derivatives
6.14 Identification of coherent structures
6.15 Final comments
6.A Appendix
References

7. Uncertainty analysis for hydraulic measurements
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Concepts and terminology
7.3 UA implementation
7.4 Uncertainty inferences using intercomparison  experiments
7.5 Practical issues
References

8. Hydroinformatics applied to hydraulic experiments
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Hydroinformatics
8.3 Digital environmental observatories
8.4 Outlook
References

Volume II

1 Introduction
1.1 Book Overview
1.2 The Role of Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques
1.3 Approach
1.4 Structure of Volume II
References

2 Flow Visualization
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Fundamentals
2.3 Flow Visualization Techniques
2.4 Visualization of Flows Near Solid Surfaces
2.5 Understanding Flow Topology from Flow Visualization Data
2.A Appendix

3 Velocity
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Acoustic Backscattering Instruments (ABIs) for Fine-Scale Flow Measurements
3.3 Acoustic Instruments for Mean Flow Characterization in Field Conditions: Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP)
3.4 Acoustic Travel-Time Tomography
3.A Appendix
3.5 Point Velocimeters for Field Applications
3.6 Laser-Doppler Velocimetry/Anemometry
3.B Appendix
3.7 Image-Based Velocimetry Methods
3.C Appendix
3.8 High-Frequency Radar
3.9 Drifters and Drogues
3.10 Dilution Method
References

4 Topography and Bathymetry
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Terrestrial Laser Scanning: Topographic Measurement and Modelling
4.3 Ultrasonic Sensing
4.4 Photogrammetry
4.5 Other Surface Profiling Methods
4.6 Grain Size Distribution
4.A Appendix
References

5 Sediment Transport
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Bedload
5.3 Suspended Load
5.A Appendix
References

6 Auxiliary Hydraulic Variables
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Water Depth
6.3 Water Surface and Bed Slope
6.4 Pressure
6.5 Bed Shear Stress
6.6 Drag Forces
References

7 Discharge
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Intrusive Flowmeters
7.3 Non-Intrusive Flowmeters
7.4 Discrete Streamflow Measurements Based on Velocity Integration
7.5 Continuous Streamflow Monitoring Using Stage Measurements
7.6 Continuous Streamflow Monitoring Using Velocity Measurements
7.7 Practical Issues
References

8 Autonomous Underwater Vehicles as Platforms for Experimental Hydraulics
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
8.3 Horizontal and Vertical Positioning
8.4 Vehicle and Mission Design Considerations for Data Collection
8.5 Mapping Under Ice
References

Marian V. Muste is Research Engineer with the Iowa Institute of Hydroscience and Engineering, and Adjunct Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Iowa. Dr. Muste’s areas of research include experimental river mechanics (laboratory and field investigations), instrumentation development and implementation (image-, acoustic-, and laser-based), uncertainty analysis, and hydroinformatics. He is author or co-author of more than 185 peer-reviewed journal and conference papers and 75 technical reports. Dr. Muste is expert for UNESCO’s International Hydrologic Program and World Meteorological Organization Commission for Hydrology projects. He was chair for the Experimental Methods and Instrumentation, and is a former Vice-president of the International Association of Hydro-Environmental Engineering and Research.

Dr. Jochen Aberle is Professor at the Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany, and Adjunct Professor at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. His research expertise includes river morphology, sediment transport, rough bed flows, flow-vegetation-sediment interaction, fluid-structure interaction, and experimental methods in the field and laboratory. Dr. Aberle has published more than 100 articles in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings. He is an Associate Editor of the Journal of Hydraulic Research, and was chair of the IAHR Experimental Methods and Instrumentation Committee.

David M. Admiraal is an Associate Professor in the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. His research expertise includes laboratory and field investigations of sediment transport, river hydraulics, and hydraulic structures. Most of his work incorporates experimental modeling. Dr. Admiraal has over 50 journal and conference publications in a wide variety of hydraulic engineering topics. He is actively involved in ASCE's Tec