Recent Advances in Neurotraumatology, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1993

The dawn of neurosurgery can be traced back to the first description preserved in the Edwin Smith papyrus' (3000 Be) which dealt with head and spinal injury. In the course of 5000 years, since the first record in Egypt, advances in lifestyle and technology have brought about our modern civilized society. However, as a result of civilization, currently the total number of severe head injuries worldwide is believed to exceed 10000000 and the number of severe spinal injuries is believed to be more than 75 000 each year. This means that central nervous system injury is not only the oldest topic in neurosurgery, but that it is also of critical importance in modern life. Taking these problems into consideration, the International Neurotraumatology Committee was organized in 1965 as an affiliated Committee of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies. The first scientific meeting was convened by the Committee in Marseilles in 1970. Nine further meetings were subsequently held, in Europe, Africa, and South America. The meeting was first named "International Conference on Recent Advances in Neurotrauma­ tology" (ICRAN) by Professor Phillip Harris, when the scientific meeting was held in Edinburgh in 1982. The tenth meeting, (ICRAN 1992), the first one in Asia, was held at Karuizawa, Japan, from September 23rd to 26th, 1992.

1—Presidential Lecture.- Protective Effectiveness of Safety Helmets — Its Limitations in Preventing Diffuse Brain Injury.- 2—Prevention of Neurotrauma.- The Management of Acute Neurotrauma in Rural and Remote Locations — A Set of Guidelines for the Care of Head and Spinal Injuries.- Understanding Head Impact Tolerance as an Aid in Injury Prevention.- Countermeasures Against Head Injuries in Car Accidents.- 3—Disaster Assistance in Neurotrauma.- The Organization of Health Care in Civilian Disasters.- 4—Chronic Subdural Hematoma.- An Experimental Chronic Subdural Hematoma in Dogs — with a Brain Atropy Model.- Significance of Cholesterol Metabolites in Chronic Subdural Hematoma.- The Role of the Kallikrein-Kinin System in Chronic Subdural Hematoma.- Histochemical Profile of Chronic Subdural Hematoma from a Wound Healing Viewpoint.- The Role of Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) in the Development of Chronic Subdural Hematoma.- Significance of Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) and PAF — Acethylhydrolase in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Subdural Hematoma.- Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Chronic Subdural Hematomas.- Fibrinolytic Activities of the Chronic Subdural Hematoma and Efficacy of the Antifibrinolytic Agent for the Chronic Subdural Hematoma.- Chronic Subdural Haematoma Experience with 2245 Cases.- Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow by SPECT in Patients with Chronic Subdural Hematomas.- Evolution from Acute Subdural Hematomas to Chronic Subdural Hematomas.- Chronic Subdural Hematoma Secondary to Traumatic Subdural Hygroma: Consequence or Coexistence?.- Development of Chronic Subdural Hematomas from Acute Thin Subdural Hematomas: Determinants of Their Evolution.- Surgical Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematomas in Adults.- Consideration of Pathophysiology of Chronic Subdural Hematoma by Measurements of Cerebral Blood Flow Intracranial Pressure and EEG Topography.- Analysis of Intracerebral Stress Distribution and Its Effect on Regional Blood Flow in Chronic Subdural Hematoma.- Chronological Change in Biomechanical Indices of Chronic Subdural Hematoma During and After Closed Drainage — When Should Fluid Drainage Cease?.- Evolution of Surgical Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematomas.- Chronic Subdural Hematoma in Adults as Compared with Aged Group.- Development and Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma.- Chronic Subdural Hematoma Associated with Middle Cranial Fossa Arachnoid Cyst. Is Cyst Peritoneal Shunt Treatment of Choice?.- The Relationship Between Cephalic Index and Chronic Subdural Hematoma.- Analysis of MR Findings on Initial Stage of Chronic Subdural Hematoma — Evaluation of Proton Density Image.- Chronic Subdural Hematomas: Pathophysiological Studies with MR Imaging and SEP.- Antifibrinolytic Therapy of Chronic Subdural Hematomas.- The Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma by Burr-Hole Craniostomy with or without Irrigation and Closed-System Drainage.- Analysis of 150 Cases with Chronic Subdural Hematoma in Adult on the Factors Related to Functional Outcome.- Postoperative Morphological Recovery of Deformed Brain in Cases with Chronic Subdural Hematoma: The Difference Between a Burr Hole Closed Drainage and a Burr Hole Irrigation.- Clinical Study on Recurrent Chronic Subdural Hematoma.- Zero Postoperative Recurrence Rates in Chronic Subdural Hematoma.- 5—Neuroimaging in Central Nervous System Injury.- MRI Analysis of Cerebral Contusions: Significance of Intraparenchymal Fluid-Blood Interface.- Assessment of Brainstem Distortion Associated with Supretentorial Lesions by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- Significance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Diffuse Axonal Injury.- MRI in Surgically Treated Cases of Post-Traumatic Cervical Myelopathy and Radiculopathy.- Diffuse Axonal Injury Caused by Traffic Accident — Long Term Serial CT Findings and Medicolegal Problem.- Comparison of MRI and X-ray CT Scan Findings in Patients with Serious Neurological Deficits Due to Head Injury.- The Clinical Study of Severe Diffuse Axonal Injury — A Prognostic Point of View from MRI Study in the Acute Stage.- Prediction of the Reversibility of the Brain Stem Dysfunction in Head Injury Patients: MRI and Auditory Brain Stem Response Study.- Neuroimaging of Cerebral Metabolism in Severe Diffuse Brain Injury in Chronic Stage: Part 2. MR Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Imaging.- Cerebral Hemodynamics and Metabolism in Severe Diffuse Brain Injury in Chronic Stage: Positron Emission Tomography.- Effect of Decompressive Craniectomy on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Severe Head Trauma Patients Assessed by HMPAO SPECT.- Cerebral Blood Flow Measurement in Head Trauma Patients.- Validation Study of Skull Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Scans (3D-CT) in the Management of Head Injury.- 6—Cell Damage and Repair in Central Nervous System Injury.- Alteration of the Neurotransmitter Contents in the Rabbit Brain Functional Structures at Remote Period Following Experimental Mild Craniocerebral Trauma.- Traumatic Brain Damage Mediated by Excitatory Amino Acido Neurotransmitters: Glutamate Release from Contused Brain Tissue.- Neurofunctional Changes in Thalamic Neurons After Cortical Ablation in Adult Rats: Effect of Basic Fibroblast Growh Factor upon Thalamic Neurons.- An Experimental Study of the Evolution of Focal Axonal Injury.- Physiological Roles of Neurotrophic Factors in Brain Injury.- Effect of the Kappa Agonist CI-977 on Ischaemic Brain Damage and Cerebral Blood Flow After Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rat.- Roles of Free Radicals in the Self-Propagating Injury Within Injured Spinal Cord Tissue.- Transient Hypotension Induces Remote Neuronal Damage from the Primary Concussion in the Rat.- Cerebral Blood Flow and Glucose Metabolism Following Experimental Head Injury.- Secondary Damage of the Cerebal Cortex: Blood Flow and Metabolic Studies Hiroshi K. Inoue.- Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Prevents Retrograde Degeneration of the Thalamic Neurons After Ablation of the Somatosensory Cortex.- Treatment of Vasogenic Brain Edema by Vi Receptor Antagonist of Arginine Vasopressin.- 7—Experimental Studies.- The Acceleration-Deceleration Fractures of the Skull Base — An Experimental Study.- Experimental Study in Cerebral Venous Circulatory Disturbance: With Special Reference of Venous Hemorrhage.- Amelioration of Septal Cholinergic Neuronal Degeneration After Nerve Growth Factor Deprivation by Cytokine-Activated Astrocytes.- HSP72-Like Immunoreactivity After Fluid Percussive Brain Injury in the Rat: Relationship to Cell Type.- 8—Monitoring.- Contribution of Increased Cerebral Blood Volume to Post-Traumatic Intracranial Hypertension.- Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Management of Head Injury.- Continuous Monitoring of Transcranial Doppler Jugular Venous Oxygen Saturation and Quantitative EEG in Severe Head Injury TosraYUKi Shiogai.- Cerebral Hyperemia Prior to Acute Cerebral Swelling in Patients with Severe Brain Injuries: The Role of Transcranial Doppler Monitoring Zainal Muttaqin.- Investigation of Intracranial Haemodynamics by Means of Transcranical Doppler Ultrasonography After Severe Head Injury — A Clinical Study.- Outcome of Patients with Severe Head Injury — Evaluation by Cerebral Perfusion Pressure.- Toxicity of Nutritional Support in the Traumatic Brain Injured.- A New Potential Therapy for Treatment of Posttraumatic Brain Oedema Based on Haemodynamic Principles for Brain Volume Regulation.- How Low ICP Should Be Controlled in Acute Stage of Severe Head Injury Cases.- Improved Outcome from Traumatic Coma Using Ventricular CSF Drainage.- 9—Focal Injury.- Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Localization of Intracranial Hematomas.- CT-Guided Stereotactic Aspiration of Traumatic Intracerebral Hematomas.- Missile Brain Injuries: An Approach to the Management on the Basis of Experience with 106 Wounded Patients in Osijek General Hospital Over the 15 Month Period of War.- Prognosis in Patients with Post-Traumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Vs Contusion.- Head Injury Deaths – Intracranial Extracranial: What Is Unavoidable Death?.- 10—Acute Epidual and Subdrual Hematoma.- Temporal Tip Acute Epidural Hematoma — Its Diagnosis and Clinical Features.- PreUminary Results of Sequential Scans Tc-HM-PAO (SPECT) and CT in Patients with Post-Traumatic Asymptomatic Extradural Hematoma Who Have Been Operated Versus Patients Who Have Not Been Operated. A Multicentre Randomized Study in Northern Italy.- Rapid Spontaneously Disappearance of Acute Subdural Hematomas: Analysis of 31 Cases.- Treatment of Acute Subdural Hematoma Takashi Tokutomi.- Outcome of Acute Subdural Hematoma — Large Decompressive Craniectomy Vs Hematoma Irrigation with Trephination Therapy.- Re-Evaluation of Acute Subdural Hematomas by Using Recent Neuro-Imaging Studies.- 11—Diffuse Axonal Injury and Severe Head Injury.- Diagnostic Significance of Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase and Myelin Basic Protein Assay in Patients with Acute Head Injury.- Is Diffuse Axonal Injury a Clinical Entity?.- Analysis of 260 Cases of Severe Head Injury — Did an Aggressive Treatment Improve the Functional Outcome?.- Difficulties in Modellings Criteria Predicting Intracranial Hypertension in Severe Closed Head Injury.- A Mathematical Model for Outcome Prediction in Severe Head Injury.- 12—Pediatric Head Injury.- Neuropsychological Aspects of Severe Brain Contusions and Diffuse Axonal Damages in Children.- Assessment of Cerebral Contusion of Acute Subdural Hematoma in Children by MRI.- Diffuse Brain Injury in Children.- 13—Spinal Cord Injury.- Electrophysiological and Biochemical Study in the Acute Stages of Experimental Spinal Cord Injuries.- Modem Concepts in the Neurosurgical Treatment of Severe Thoraco-Lumbar Spine Injuries.- Late Results of Surgical Management of Thoraco-Lumbar Injuries with Kluger’s Fixateur Inteme.- Lumbosacral Selective Posterior Rhizotomy for Lower Limb Spasticity in Adults.- Role of Birth Injury in Syringomyelia.- Effect of Methylpredonisolone on Spinal Cord Blood Flow After Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.- 14—Epidemiology Miscellaneous.- Neurotraumatology in West Africa — Burkina Faso’s Experience.- Epidemiological Aspect of Chronic Subdural Haematoma Kehchi Kuwamura.- Management in Multitraumatized Patients with Head and Spine Injuries.- Decline in Mortality Following Head Injury: Results of a Better Treatment on the Scene of Accident and of New Indication for CT Scanning.- Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Head Injury: An Analysis with New Molecular Markers.- Opioid Peptides and SP as Growth Factors for Neurons and Glial Cells CNS: Experimental Model in Culture.- Frozen Autograft Cranioplasty After Decompressive Craniectomy — Medical and Economical Benefits.- Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy — Visual Outcome of Transcutaneously Electrostimulated Cases Sergey Yeolchijan.- A Case of Traumatic Aneurysm of the Lenticulostriate Artery Associated with Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage.- Author Index.