N-Oxidation of Drugs, 1991 Biochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology

This book provides a wide-ranging review of the state-of-the-art in nitrogen xenobiochemistry under four broad categories: analysis of N-oxidised products, flavin-containing mono-oxygenase-catalysed reactions, reductions and conjugations of nitrogenous compounds, and bioactivation of nitrogenous compounds and cell toxicities. The emphasis is on current developments, application of relevant experimental techniques and industrial implications. The book will provide the reader with an understanding of the processes associated with the exposure of man to nitrogenous compounds.

One Analysis of N-Oxidized Products.- 1 Formation of aromatic amine free radicals by prostaglandin hydroperoxidase and peroxyl radicals: analysis by ESR and stable end products.- 2 The application of 15N-NMR in the analysis of N-oxygenated amidines and guanidines.- 3 Radioimmunoassay and other methods for trace analysis of N-oxide compounds.- Two Enzymology of N-Oxidation.- 4 Mechanism, multiple forms and substrate specificities of flavincontaining mono-oxygenases.- 5 On the genetic polymorphism of the flavin-containing monooxygenase.- 6 Factors regulating the activity of the rabbit lung flavincontaining mono-oxygenase.- 7 Human pharmacogenetics of nitrogen oxidations.- 8 Microbial N-hydroxylases.- 9 Roles of aminium radical intermediates in the biotransformation of dihydropyridines, cycloalkylamines, and N,N-dimethylanilines by cytochrome P-450 enzymes.- 10 The role of cytochrome P-450 in the biological nuclear N-oxidation of aminoazaheterocyclic drugs and related compounds.- 11 New aspects of the microsomal N-hydroxylation of benzamidines.- 12 Studies on the N-oxidation of phentermine: evidence for an indirect pathway of N-oxidation mediated by cytochrome P-450.- 13 Molecular activation mechanisms involved in arylamine cytotoxicity: peroxidase products.- Three Reductions and Conjugations of N-Oxygenated Compounds.- 14 Reduction and conjugation reactions of N-oxides.- 15 In vivo metabolism of N-oxides.- 16 Purification and characterization of rat hepatic acetyltransferase.- Four Bioactivation of Nitrogenous Compounds and Cell Toxicity.- 17 Metabolism and activation of nitrosamines catalysed by cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes.- 18 Cytochrome P-450-catalysed activation of carcinogenic aromatic amines and amides.- 19 Comparative biochemistry of cytochrome P-450 species responsible for the activation of mutagenic food-derived heterocyclic amines.- 20 Specificity and inducibility of cytochrome P-450 catalysing the activation of food-derived mutagenic heterocyclic amines.- 21 Monoamine oxidase-mediated activation of MPTP and related compounds.- 22 Activation of aromatic amines by oxyhaemoglobin.- 23 Relevance of primary and secondary nitroxide radicals in biological oxidations.- 24 Molecular approaches to evaluation of the risk of aromatic amineinduced bladder cancer: smoking related carcinogen-DNA adducts in biopsied samples of human urinary bladder.- 25 The role of N-oxidation by leukocytes in drug-induced agranulocytosis and other drug hypersensitivity reactions.- 26 Phototoxic effects of N-oxidized drugs and related compounds.