Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis, 2009 Breast Carcinoma Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis Series, Vol. 1

The enormity of the global healthcare costs vical. One-fifth of all cancers worldwide as a result of cancer infliction cannot be are caused by a chronic infection, for overemphasized. There are more than 100 example, human papilloma virus (HPV) types of cancers; any part of the body can causes cervical cancer and hepatitis B be affected. More than 11 million people virus (HBV) causes liver cancer. Tobacco are diagnosed with cancer every year, and use is the most common preventable cause it is estimated that there will be 16 mil- of cancer in the world. Approximately, lion new cases per year by the year 2020. 168,000 cancer deaths are expected to be In 2005, 7. 6 million people died of can- caused by tobacco use. Approximately, cer, that is, 13% of the 58 million deaths 40% of cancer could be prevented, mainly worldwide. It is estimated that 9 million by not using tobacco, having a healthy people will die from cancer worldwide in diet, being physically active, preventing 2015 and 11. 4 million will die in 2030. infections that may cause cancer, reduc- More than 70% of all cancer deaths occur ing exposure to sunlight, and avoidance of in low and middle income countries. excessive alcohol consumption and stress Five major cancer causing overall mor- (anger). A third of cancers could be cured talities per year worldwide are (WHO): if detected early and treated adequately. It is well established that scientific 1. Lung: 1.

1. BREAST CANCER: COMPUTER-AIDED DETECTION Bin Zheng INTRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER-AIDED DETECTION SCHEMES EVALUATION OF COMPUTER-AIDED DETECTION SCHEME PERFORMANCE APPLICATION OF COMPUTER-AIDED DETECTION SCHEMES TO CLINICAL ENVIRONMENT NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPUTER-AIDED DETECTION RESEARCH REFERENCES 2. SEBACEOUS CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST: CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES INTRODUCTION METHODS CLINICAL FEATURES PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT REFRENCES 3. BREAST CANCER: DETECTION BY IN VIVO IMAGING OF ANGIOGENESIS Tore Bach-Gansmo and Derek Tobin INTRODUCTION ANGIOGENESIS INTEGRINS SCINTIMAMMOGRAPHY TECHNETIUM-LABELED NC100692 INITIAL CLINICAL EXPERIENCE 99mTc-NC100692 IN BREAST CANCER IMPROVEMENTS IN GAMMA CAMERA TECHNOLOGY SUPPLEMENTARY CLINICAL STUDY FUTURE INTEGRIN SCINTIGRAPHY REFERENCES 4. BREAST AND PROSTATE BIOPSIES: USE OF OPTIMIZED HIGH-THROUGHPUT MicroRNA EXPRESSION FOR DIAGNOSIS (METHODOLOGY) Michael D. Mattie and Robert C. Getts INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY FOR HIGH-THROUGHPUT microRNA PROFILING Purification of microRNA AMPLIFICATION OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT RNA LABELING OF microRNA REFERENCES 5. FAMILIAL BREAST CANCER: DETECTION OF PREVALENT HIGH-RISK EPITHELIAL LESIONS Peter Bult and Nicoline Hoogerbrugge INTRODUCTION MATERIALS METHODS CLASSIFICATION OF PREMALIGNANT LESIONS REFERENCES 6. DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN BENIGN AND MALIGNANT PAPILLARY LESIONS OF THE BREAST: EXCISIONAL BIOPSY OR STEREOTACTIC VACUUM-ASSISTED BIOPSY (METHODOLOGY) Alice P.Y. Tang, Gary M.K. Tse, and Wynnie W.M. Lam INTRODUCTION RADIOLOGICAL APPEARANCE OF PAPPILARY LESIONS OF THE BREAST PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS ASSOCIATION OF PAPPILARY LESIONS WITH DUCTAL CARCINOMA FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CORE NEEDLE BIOPSY CURRENT ROLE OF EXCISIONAL BIOPSY DIFFICULTY IN PATHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN MALIGNANT AND BENIGN LESIONS AFTER NEEDLE BIOPSY VACCUM-ASSISTED BIOPSY TECHNIQUE OF STEREOTACTIC VACCUM-ASSISTED BIOPSY TECHNIQUE OF ULTRASOUND-GUIDED VACCUM-ASSISTED BIOPSY ADVANTAGES OF DIRECTIONAL VACCUM-ASSISTED DEVICE COMPLICATIONS OF VACCUM ASSISTED BIOPSY CURRENT EXPERIENCE OF VACCUM-ASSISTED BIOPSY AND PERCUTANEOUS CORE BIOPSY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PAPPILARY LESIONS IS EXCISION BIOPSY NEEDED IN ASSESSING PAPPILARY LESIONS OF THE BREAST ATYPICAL PAPILLOMA/ PAPILLARY LESION WITH ATYPICAL DUCTAL HYPERPLASIA AT VACCUM-ASSISTED BIOPSY BENIGN PAPILLOMA AT VACCUM-ASSISTED BIOPSY REFERENCES 7. MULTICENTRIC BREAST CANCER: SENTINEL NODE BIOPSY AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL Michael Knauer, Peter Konstantiniuk, Anton Haid, Etienne Wenzl, Roswitha Köberle-Wührer, Michaela Riegler-Keil, Sabine Pöstlberger, Roland Reitsamer, and Peter Schrenk INTRODUCTION TECHNIQUE OF SENTINEL NODE BIOPSY IN MULTICENTRIC BREAST CANCER Technique of Lymphatic Mapping Histologic Evaluation of Sentinel Nodes Surgical Procedures RESULTS OF THE AUSTRIAN SENTINEL NODE STUDY GROUP Patients and Data Follow-up DISCUSSION Clinical Advantage of Sentinel Node Biopsy in Multicentric Breast Cancer Quality Control of Sentinel Node Biopsy Procedure REFERENCES 8. BREAST CANCER RECURRENCE: ROLE OF SERUM TUMOR MARKERS CEA AND CA 15-3 (METHODOLOGY) Franco Lumachi, Stefano M.M. Basso, and Umberto Basso INTRODUCTION SERUM TUMOR MARKERS AND BREAST CANCER CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN CANCER ANTIGEN 15-3 PREDICTION OF RISK OF RECURRENCE AND LOCOREGIONAL RELAPSE MONITORING THE RESPONSE TO THERAPY OF