Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Renal Tumors, 1st ed. 2019

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the kidney, with an estimated 64,000 new cases diagnosed each year in the United States. Worldwide, this figure approaches 270,000 annual incident cases. At the time of initial presentation, 80% of patients with RCC will be diagnosed with a tumor localized the kidney. The majority of these lesions will be small (i.e. ?4 cm) and potentially curable with either partial or radical nephrectomy. In recent decades, the rate of incidentally detected small renal tumors has risen substantially due the increasing use of cross-sectional imaging performed across the field of medicine. This rise in the incident number of localized renal tumors has unfortunately not resulted in a corresponding decrease in cases of metastatic RCC. This observation has led to our understanding that a significant proportion of incidentally detected renal tumors are of low malignant potential and may be safely managed with alternatives to surgery such active surveillance and thermo ablation. The use of these less invasive management approaches, however, must be balanced by the reality that upon spreading beyond the confines of the kidney, RCC is almost always incurable. Thus, when selecting a management strategy for a given patient, one must employ a risk-adapted approach that includes knowledge of a tumor?s histology and metastatic potential. In each patient, the goal of management should be to minimize the risk of progression to metastatic disease while preserving renal function and minimizing morbidity.

Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Renal Cell Carcinoma.- Pathology of Renal Tumors.- Genetics of Renal Cell Carcinoma.- Imaging of Renal Tumors.- Renal Mass Biopsy.- Imaging-Based Scoring Systems for the Risk Stratification of Renal Tumors.- Active Surveillance of Renal Tumors.- Contemporary Surgical Approaches for Small Renal Tumors.- Approach to the Management of Large and Advanced Renal Tumors.- Pediatric Renal Tumors.- Thermoablation of Renal Tumors.- Novel Ablative Therapies for Renal Tumors.- The Impact of Renal Tumor Surgery on Kidney Function.- Pre-Surgical Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma.- Adjuvant Therapy for High Risk Renal Cell Carcinoma.- Post-Treatment Surveillance for Renal Cell Carcinoma.- Cytoreductive Nephrectomy and Metastasectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma.