Angiography & plaque imaging : advanced segmentation techniques Advanced Segmentation Techniques Biomedical Engineering Series

Recent, rapid advances in mathematical engineering and applied mathematics have opened the door to solving complex problems in angiography imaging. For the first time, this book presents the different medical imaging modalities - MR, CT, x-ray, and ultrasound - for performing angiography and its analysis. Pioneers from a variety of relevant disciplines address state-of-the-art issues related to angiography, pre- and post angiography imaging, and their applications, such as intravascular ultrasound and x-ray fusion, plaque imaging, and morphology analysis. Their presentations cover most of the segmentation algorithms for anatomic blood vessels of the body, such as the brain, aorta, and retina. The art of angiography imaging has penetrated several fields of medicine, such as ophthalmology, neurology, cardiology, and pulmonary medicine. This volume presents current information beneficial to all researchers and physicians interested in the effective diagnosis and treatment of various vascular diseases.

Non-Skeleton and Skeleton-Based Segmentation Techniques from Angiography Data Sets Introduction A brief note on mra data acquisition and pre-filteringNon-Skeleton (Direct) Vascular Segmentation Techniques Skeleton (Indirect) Vascular Segmentation Techniques Discussions on Skeleton vs. Non-skeleton-Based Methods Challenges, the Future, and Summary: Vascular Segmentation Scale-Space 3-D Ellipsoidal Filtering for White and Black Blood MRA Introduction Theory and Algorithm of Ellipsoidal Filtering 3-D Median and 3-D Directional Filtering: Comparison with Scale-Space Ellipsoidal Filtering MR Angiography Filtering: Implementation Issues Conclusions, Challenges, and Future: Angiographic Filtering 3-D Interactive Vascular Post-processing Techniques: Industrial Perspective Introduction Clinical Problem Domains An Application for Vascular Post-processing Visualization Related Work in Vascular Segmentation Workflow Constraints 3-D Vessel Segmentation Cross-Sectional Vessel Boundary Detection by 2-D Ray Propagation 3-D Ray Propagation Conclusion: From Diagnosis to Screening Masking Strategies for Black Blood Angiography Introduction Physics of Black Blood Angiography Image Generation Mask Generation Systems for Black Blood Angiography Black Blood Angiographic Filtering System Comparisons: 3-D Median vs. 3-D Black Blood Ellipsoidal Filtering Implementation Issues in Black Blood Angiography Filtering Conclusions, Challenges, and the Future Segmentation of Retinal Fundus Vasculature in Non-mydriatic Camera Images Using Wavelets Introduction Bibliographical Background Image Segmentation Using Wavelets Assessing the Segmentation Results Experimental Results Discussion Automated Model Based Segmentation, Tracing and Analysis of Retinal Vasculature from Digital Fundus Images Introduction Retinal Imaging Background Models for Detecting Retinal Vasculature in Digital Imagery Vessel Extraction Approaches RPI-Trace Algorithm Design Considerations for Real-Time Tracing Accurate Extraction off Vessel Bifurcations and Crossovers Applications of Vessel Segmentation Data Implementation Methods Experimental Validation Using Ground Truth Data Experimental Analysis of Model and Settings for RPI-Trace Experimental assessment of the impact of landmark refinement with the erpr algorithmChapter Summary Atherosclerotic Plaque Imaging Techniques in Magnetic Resonance Images Introduction Background Challenges for MRI Technical Advances Main Findings State-of-the-Art Protocol Discussion Analysis and Visualization of Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition by MRI Introduction Quantifying the Vulnerable Plaque Imaging Methods: The Case for MRI Global Measurements of Composition Interactive Analysis of Plaque Composition Automated Analysis of Plaque Composition Three Dimensional Plaque Analysis Conclusion Plaque Morphological Quantitation Background Active Contour Model Accurate Lumen Surface Roughness Measurement Thickness Measurement Carotid Artery Morphological Description Experimental Results Conclusion On the Role of Computer Vision in Intravascular Ultrasound Image Analysis Introduction Vessel Imaging Ivus acquisitionSegmentation of ivus imagesTexture Characterization Image-guided Stent Positioning and Follow Up Need for Volumetric Measurements and Real 3-D Reconstruction of Vessel Angiogram Analysis Extraction of 3-D Measurements from Angiograms IVUS and Angiogram Registration IVUS for Abdominal Aorta Analysis Conclusions Clinical Applications Involving Vascular Image Segmentation and Registration Introduction Vascular Image Acquisition Requirements Displaying Vascular Volume Images Vascular Image Segmentation Vascular Image Registration Conclusion and Future Work The Future in Angiography and Plaque Imaging Future of Skeleton and Non-skeleton-Based Segmentation Techniques Future of Retinal Angiography Future Directions in MRI of Atherosclerotic Plaque Future of Ultrasound Angiography Future Directions in Plaque and Aneurysm Assessment Key Words

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