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Optical networks : third generation transport systems

Langue : Anglais

Auteur :

Couverture de l’ouvrage Optical networks : third generation transport systems

The communication engineers guide to the latest optical networking technologies.

  • Includes up-to-the-minute coverage of emerging technologies -- including the brand-new Optical Link Management Protocol!
  • DWDM, Multiprotocol Lambda Switching, IP over Optical, Optical Bandwidth on Demand, QoS, and much more.
  • Contains detailed background on optical fiber technology and signaling for those new to the field.
This is a complete and authoritative introduction to optical technology for communications engineers that includes detailed coverage of the latest emerging technologies. The book begins with an overview of contemporary telecommunications infrastructure and the characteristics of optical fiber technology. Uyless Black presents a detailed introduction to timing and synchronization in optical networks, as well as todays SONET/SDH optical transport network standards. He introduces todays powerful WDM and DWDM optical technologies, and reviews leading optical network topologies and restoration schemes. The book includes up-to-the-minute coverage of MPLS, switching in optical networks, IP-over-Optical, QoS, and optical bandwidth on demand. It is one of the first books to present detailed coverage of the new Optical Link Management Protocol, designed to simplify the configuration and management of next-generation optical networks. For every communications professional currently working with optical networks, or planning to work with them.

Uyless Black is a widely respected telecommunications consultant and lecturer with extensive operations and implementation experience in both public and private networks. His clients include Nortel, British Telecom, and major carriers throughout the U.S. His recent books include Voice Over IP, Second Edition, IP Routing Protocols, and MPLS and Label Switching Networks.

Preface.
1. Introduction.
Three Generations of Digital Transport Networks. All Features Are Not Yet Available. Optical Fiber Capacity. A Brief Introduction to WDM and TDM. Combining WDM and TDM. The Optical Marketplace. The Local Loop Bottleneck Must Be Solved. Expansion of Network Capacity. Wireless Optical Systems. Key Optical Nodes. Key Terms for the Cross-connect. Other Key Terms. Another Look at the Optical Node. Evolution of Optical Systems. Key Attributes of Optical Fiber. Summary.

2. The Telecommunications Infrastructure.
The Local Connections. The Backbone Connections. The Digital Multiplexing Hierarchy. The Digital Signaling Hierarchies. T1 or DS1, T3 or DS3? The Layered Protocol Model in the Transport Network. Considerations for Interworking Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3 Networks. Summary.

3. Characteristics of Optical Fiber.
The Basics. The Wavelength. The Basic Components. The Source of the Signal. The Detector. Structure of the Fiber. Angles. Fiber Types. Key Performance Properties of Fiber. Attenuation. Amplifier Spontaneous Emission (ASE). Chromatic Dispersion. Polarization-mode Dispersion (PMD). Lasers. Summary.

4. Timing and Synchronization.
Timing and Synchronization in Digital Networks. Effect of a Timing Error. The Clocking Signal. Types of Timing in Networks. The Synchronous Clock Hierarchy. Timing Variations. Frequency Accuracy. Methods of Clock Exchange. Free-Running. Line-Timed. Loop-Timed. External. Through-Timed. Distribution of Timing Using SONET and DS1. Timing Downstream Devices. The Building Integrated Timing Supply (BITS). Synchronization Status Messages (SSMs) and Timing Loops. Summary.

5. SONET and SDH.
How SONET and SDH Came into Being. Participation by ITU-T. Reasons for Success of SONET/SDH. The SONET Multiplexing Hierarchy. SONET and SDH Multiplexing Structure. The SONET/SDH Frame Structure. Rationale for the 51.840 Mbit/s Envelope. Overhead and User Areas in the Envelope. SONET and SDH Functional Components. SONET and SDH Problem Detection. Locating and Adjusting Payload with Pointers. Virtual Tributaries in More Detail. Virtual Tributaries and Virtual Containers. The Overhead Bytes. SONET and SDH Concatenation. Summary.

6. Architecture of Optical Transport Networks (OTNs).
The Digital Wrapper. Control Planes. In-band and Out-of-band Control Signaling. An In-band Signal on an O/O/O PXC. Importance of Multiplexing and Multiplexing Hierarchies. Current Digital Transport Hierarchy. SONET Multiplexing Hierarchy. SDH Multiplexing Hierarchy. Revised SDH Transport Hierarchy. Key Indexes and Other Terms. The New Optical Transport and Digital Transport Hierarchy. ODUk Mapping and Multiplexing. The OTN Layered Model. Another View. Full Functionality Stack: OTM-n.m. Reduced Functionality Stack: OTM-nr.m and OTM-0.r. Encapsulation and Decapsulation Operations. Generic Framing Procedure (GFP). Summary.

7. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM).
The WDM Operation. Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM). TDM and WDM Topologies. Relationship of WDM to SONET/SDH. Erbium-doped Fiber (EDF). WDM Amplifiers. Gain Flatness. Add-Drop Multiplexers. WADM Input and Output Ports. WDM Cross-connects. Wavelength Continuity Property. Example of DWDM Wavelength Plan. Average Versus Maximum Span Loss and Chromatic Dispersion. Higher Dispersion for DWDM. Tunable DWDM Lasers. Summary.

8. Network Topologies and Protection Schemes.
The Non-negotiable Requirement: Robust Networks. Diversity in the Network: Which Control Plane? Line and Path Protection Switching. Types of Topologies. Working and Protection Fibers. Point-to-Point Topology. 1:N Protection Channel Sharing. Optical Channel Concatenation. Bi-directional Line-Switched Ring (BLSR). Protection Switching on Four-Fiber BLSR. Meshed Topologies. Passive Optical Networks (PONs). Optical Ethernets and

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18x24 cm

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