Fieldbus and Networking in Process Automation

Fieldbuses, particularly wireless fieldbuses, offer a multitude of benefits to process control and automation. Fieldbuses replace point-to-point technology with digital communication networks, offering increased data availability and easier configurability and interoperability. Fieldbus and Networking in Process Automation discusses the newest fieldbuses on the market today, detailing their utilities, components and configurations, wiring and installation methods, commissioning, and safety aspects under hostile environmental conditions. This clear and concise text: Considers the advantages and shortcomings of the most sought after fieldbuses, including HART, Foundation Fieldbus, and Profibus. Presents an overview of data communication, networking, cabling, surge protection systems, and device connection techniques. Provides comprehensive coverage of intrinsic safety essential to the process control, automation, and chemical industries.

Describes different wireless standards and their coexistence issues, as well as wireless sensor networks.

Examines the latest offerings in the wireless networking arena, such as WHART and ISA100.11a.

Offering a snapshot of the current state of the art, Fieldbus and Networking in Process Automation not only addresses aspects of integration, interoperability, operation, and automation pertaining to fieldbuses, but also encourages readers to explore potential applications in any given industrial environment.

Data Communication

Comparison between Digital and Analog Communication

Data Communication

Data Types

Data Transfer Characteristics

Data Flow Methods

Transmission Modes

Use of Modems

Power Spectral Density

Transmission Impairments

Data Rate and Bandwidth Relationship

Multiplexing

Spread Spectrum

Data Coding

Characteristics

Connection Types

Data Communication Standards and Organizations

Network Topology

Network Applications

Network Components

Classification of Networks

Interconnection of Networks

A Three-Layered Model

The OSI Model

TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Communication Hierarchy in Factory Automation

I/O Bus Networks

The OSI Reference Model

Networking at I/O and Field Levels

Networking at Control Level

Networking at Enterprise/Management Level

What is a Fieldbus

Topologies

Terminators

Fieldbus Benefits

Evolution and Adaptation of HART Protocol

HART and Smart Devices

HART Encoding and Waveform

HART Character

Addressing

Arbitration

Communication Modes

HART Networks

Field Device Calibration

HART Communication Layers

Installation and Guidelines for HART Networks

Device Descriptions

Application in Control Systems

Application in SCADA

Benefits

Definition and Features

Foundation Fieldbus Data Types

Architecture

Standards

H1 Benefits

HSE Benefits

The Communication Process

Technology of Foundation Fieldbus

Linking and Scheduling of Blocks

Device Information

Redundancy

HSE Device Types

System Configuration

The Profibus Family

Transmission Technology

Communication Protocols

Device Classes

Profibus in Automation

OSI Model of Profibus Protocol Stack

Profibus DP Characteristics

Profibus PA Characteristics

Network Configuration

Bus Monitor

Time Stamp

Redundancy

PROFISafe

PROFIdrive

PROFInet

Profibus International

Foundation Fieldbus and Profibus: A Comparison

Communication Stack

Network Architecture

Communication Transactions

Protocol Description: PDU and ADU

Transmission Modes

Message Framing

Modbus TCP/IP

Introduction to Modbus Plus

Message Frame

Networking Modbus Plus

Features

Types

CAN Frames

CAN Data Frame

CAN Arbitration

Types of Errors

Error States

Features

The Object Model

Protocol Layers

Physical Layer

Data Link Layer

Application Layer

Power Supply and Cables

Error States

Features

Different Versions

Topology

Protocol Layers

Physical Layer

Data Link Layer

Execution Control

Modulation Techniques

Features

Physical Layer

Data Link Layer

Data Integrity

Features

Operation

Topology

Protocol Structure

Features

Producer–Consumer Model

Controlnet Media

Physical Layer

Data Link Layer

Network and Transport Layers

Presentation Layer

Application Layer

Hazardous Area

Hazardous Area Classification

Explosion Protection Types

Intrinsic Safety in Fieldbus Systems

Entity Model

FISCO Model

Redundant FISCO Model

Multi Drop FISCO Model

HPTC Model

DART Model

Performance Summary

HART Wiring

Building a Fieldbus Network

Powering the Fieldbus Devices

Shielding

Cables

No. of Spurs and Devices per Segment

Polarity

Segment Voltage and Current Calculations

Linking Device

Device Coupler

Communication Signals

Device Commissioning

Host Commissioning

Wiring and Addressing via Ethernet and IP

Ethernet

IP Basics

IP Commissioning

Manual IP Configuration

Automatic IP Configuration

Wireless Sensor Networks

Key Features

Wireless HART Network Architecture

Protocol Stack

Network Components

Addressing Control

Co-Existence Techniques

Time Synchronized Mesh Protocol (TSMP)

Security

Security Threats

Redundancy

Security Keys in WHART

Key Management

WHART Network Formation

HART and WHART: A Comparison

HART and WHART: Integration

Scope of ISA100

ISA100 Working Group

Features

Sensor Classes

System Configuration

Convergence between ISA100.11a and WHART

NAMUR Proposal

Architecture

Comparison between ISA 100.11a and WHART Protocol Stacks

Physical Layer

Data Link Layer

Network Layer

Transport Layer

Application Layer

Keys in ISA100.11a

Provisioning Overview

Data Delivery Reliability

Two-Layer Security

Communications in ISA100.11a

ISA11.11a and WHART: A Comparison

Sunit Kumar Sen, Ph.D, member of IEEE and IETE, holds advanced degrees from St. Xaviers College and University of Calcutta, both in Kolkata, India. He is currently professor in the Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta and teaches courses on digital communication, industrial instrumentation, microprocessors, electrical networks, Fieldbus, etc. He was head of the Department of Applied Physics and University Science Instrumentation Centre from 2008-2010. Previously he was assistant manager, instrumentation (oprn.) for Bokaro Steel Plant, Jharkhand, India under Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL). He has already written two books—one on instrumentation, and another on microprocessors.