Digital Color Acquisition, Perception, Coding and Rendering

In this book the authors identify the basic concepts and recent advances in the acquisition, perception, coding and rendering of color. The fundamental aspects related to the science of colorimetry in relation to physiology (the human visual system) are addressed, as are constancy and color appearance. It also addresses the more technical aspects related to sensors and the color management screen. Particular attention is paid to the notion of color rendering in computer graphics. Beyond color, the authors also look at coding, compression, protection and quality of color images and videos.
Individual chapters focus on the LMS specification, color constancy, color appearance models, rendering in synthetic image generation, image sensor technologies, image compression, and quality and secure color imaging. Ideal for researchers, engineers, Master?s and PhD students, Digital Color: Acquisition, Perception, Encoding and Rendering offers a state of the art on all the scientific and technical issues raised by the different stages of the digital color process ? acquisition, analysis and processing.

Contents

1. Colorimetry and Physiology ? The LMS Specification, Françoise Viénot and Jean Le Rohellec.
2. Color Constancy, Jean-Christophe Burie, Majed Chambah and Sylvie Treuillet.
3. Color Appearance Models, Christine Fernandez-Maloigne and Alain Trémeau.
4. Rendering and Computer Graphics, Bernard Péroche, Samuel Delepoulle and Christophe Renaud.
5. Image Sensor Technology, François Berry and Omar Ait Aider.
6. From the Sensor to Color Images, Olivier Losson and Eric Dinet.
7. Color and Image Compression, Abdelhakim Saadane, Mohamed-Chaker Larabi and Christophe Charrier.
8. Protection of Color Images, William Puech, Alain Trémeau and Philippe Carré.
9. Quality Assessment Approaches, Mohamed-Chaker Larabi, Abdelhakim Saadane and Christophe Charrier.

Foreword xi
Pierre Bonton

Chapter 1. Colorimetry and Physiology – The LMS Specification 1
Françoise Viénot and Jean Le Rohellec

1.1. Physiological basis 2

1.2. The XYZ colorimetry: the benchmark model of CIE 9

1.3. LMS colorimetry 11

1.4. Colors in their context 22

1.5. Conclusion 25

1.6. Bibliography 25

Chapter 2. Color Constancy 29
Jean-Christophe Burie, Majed Chambah and Sylvie Treuillet

2.1. Introduction 29

2.2. Theoretical preliminaries and problems 30

2.3. Color constancy models 34

2.4. Color correction algorithms 37

2.5. Comparison of color constancy algorithms 54

2.6. Conclusion 59

2.7. Bibliography 59

Chapter 3. Color Appearance Models 65
Christine Fernandez-Maloigne and Alain Trémeau

3.1. Introduction 65

3.2. The two perceptual phenomena of color appearance 67

3.3. The main components of a CAM 73

3.4. The CIECAM02 81

3.5. Conclusion 89

3.6. Bibliography 90

Chapter 4. Rendering and Computer Graphics 93
Bernard Péroche, Samuel Delepoulle and Christophe Renaud

4.1. Introduction 93

4.2. Reflection and representation models of light sources 94

4.3. Simulation of light propagation 99

4.4. Display of results 106

4.5. Conclusion 114

4.6. Bibliography 115

Chapter 5. Image Sensor Technology 119
François Berry and Omar Ait Aider

5.1. Photodetection principle 119

5.2. Imagers 124

5.3. Spectral sensitivity of imagers 138

5.4. Color acquisition systems 138

5.5. Through monochrome camera 139

5.6. Tri-sensor systems 141

5.7. Color camera based on color filter arrays 142

5.8. Variants of integrated sensors 144

5.9. Conclusion 146

5.10. Bibliography 147

Chapter 6. From the Sensor to Color Images 149
Olivier Losson and Eric Dinet

6.1. Introduction 149

6.2. Presentation and formalization of demosaicing 150

6.3. Demosaicing methods 159

6.4. Quality of the estimated image 171

6.5. Color camera calibration 178

6.6. Conclusion 181

6.7. Bibliography 181

Chapter 7. Color and Image Compression 187
Abdelhakim Saadane, Mohamed-Chaker Larabi and Christophe Charrier

7.1. Introduction 187

7.2. Fundamentals of image compression 188

7.3. Compression standards and color 198

7.4. Color Image Compression 211

7.5. General conclusion 219

7.6. Bibliography 221

Chapter 8. Protection of Color Images 227
William Puech, Alain Trémeau and Philippe Carré

8.1. Introduction 227

8.2. Protection and security of digital data 228

8.3. Color image watermarking 238

8.4. Protection of color images by selective encryption (SE) 248

8.5. Conclusion 257

8.6. Bibliography 258

Chapter 9. Quality Assessment Approaches 265
Mohamed-Chaker Larabi, Abdelhakim Saadane and Christophe Charrier

9.1. Introduction 265

9.2. Color fidelity metric 268

9.3. Subjective assessment of the quality 271

9.4. Objective evaluation of quality 280

9.5. Performance evaluation of the metrics 295

9.6. Conclusion 297

9.7. Bibliography 300

List of Authors 307

Index 311

Christine FERNANDEZ-MALOIGNE is Professor at Poitiers University, Manager of Xlim-SIC Laboratory, Chasseneuil, France.

Frédérique ROBERT-INACIO is Researcher at IM2NP and lecturer at ISEN, Toulon, France.

Ludovic MACAIRE is Full Professor at Lille 1 University, LAGIS Laboratory, Villeneuve d'Asq, France.