Industrial Applications of Natural Fibres Structure, Properties and Technical Applications Wiley Series in Renewable Resource Series

Industrial Applications of Natural Fibres examines the different steps of processing, from natural generation, fibre separation and fibre processing, to the manufacturing of the final product. Each step is linked to fibre properties and characterization, highlighting how different fibres influence the product properties through a discussion of their chemical and structural qualities.

Considering the value-added chain from natural generation to final product, with emphasis on quality management, this book reviews the current research and technical applications of natural fibres.

Topics covered include:

• Introduction to the Chemistry and Biology of Natural Fibres
• Economic Aspects of Natural Fibres
• Vegetable Fibres
• Animal Fibres
• Testing and Quality Management
• Applications: Current and Potential

Industrial Application of Natural Fibres will be a valuable resource for scientists in industry and academia interested in the development of natural based materials and products. It is particularly relevant for those working in chemical engineering, sustainable chemistry, agricultural sciences, biology and materials sciences.

Series Preface xi

Preface xiii

Foreword xv

List of Contributors xvii

List of Illustrators xxiii

Part I Background

1 Historic Usage and Preservation of Cultural Heritage 3

Fenella G. France

2 What Are Natural Fibres? 11

2.1 Chemistry of Plant Fibres 13

Danny E. Akin

2.2 Natural Fibres – Function in Nature 23

Michaela Eder and Ingo Burgert

2.3 Types of Fibre 41

Jörg Müssig and Tanja Slootmaker

3 Economic Aspects 49

3.1 Grades and Standards 51

Axel Drieling and Jörg Müssig

3.2 Technical Applications of Natural Fibres: An Overview 63

Nina Graupner and Jörg Müssig

3.3 Natural Fibres in Technical Applications: Market and Trends 73

Stephan Piotrowski and Michael Carus Copyrighted Material

Part II Vegetable Fibres

4 Flax – Structure, Chemistry, Retting and Processing 89

Danny E. Akin

5 Hemp – Cultivation, Extraction and Processing 109

Stefano Amaducci and Hans-Jörg Gusovius

6 Jute – A Versatile Natural Fibre. Cultivation, Extraction and Processing 135

Md. Siddiqur Rahman

7 Abacá – Cultivation, Extraction and Processing 163

Friedhelm Göltenboth and Werner Mühlbauer

8 Sisal – Cultivation, Processing and Products 181

Rajesh D. Anandjiwala and Maya John

9 Coir – Coconut Cultivation, Extraction and Processing of Coir 197

Chitrangani Jayasekara and Nalinie Amarasinghe

10 Cotton Production and Processing 219

Muhammed Rafiq Chaudhry

Part III Animal Fibres

11 Mulberry Silk, Spider Dragline and Recombinant Silks 237

Anja Glišović and Fritz Vollrath

12 Wool – Structure, Mechanical Properties and Technical Products based on Animal Fibres 255

Crisan Popescu and Franz-Josef Wortmann

Part IV Testing and Quality Management

13 Testing Methods for Measuring Physical and Mechanical Fibre Properties (Plant and Animal Fibres) 269

Jörg Müssig, Holger Fischer, Nina Graupner and Axel Drieling

14 SEM Catalogue for Animal and Plant Fibres 311

Tanja Slootmaker and Jörg Müssig

15 Combined (In Situ) Methods 337

Ingo Burgert and Michaela Eder

16 DNA-Analytical Identification of Species and Genetic Modifications in Natural Fibres 345

Lothar Kruse

17 Cotton/Worldwide Harmonisation 353

Axel Drieling and Jean-Paul Gourlot

18 Flax – ASTM Standardisation and Harmonisation 371

Danny E. Akin

Part V Applications: Current and Potential

19 Composites 383

19.1 Historical, Contemporary and Future Applications 385

Tuomas Hänninen and Mark Hughes

19.2 Design, Material Properties and Databases 397

Erwin Baur and Frank Otremba

19.3 Natural Fibre Composite Processing: A Technical Overview 407

Tim Huber, Nina Graupner and Jörg Müssig

19.4 Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymers in Automotive Interior Applications 423

Eugen Prömper

19.5 Composites Based on Natural Resources 437

Martien van den Oever and Harriëtte Bos

19.6 Cellulose Nanocomposites 459

Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh, Subrata Bandhu Ghosh and Mohini Sain

20 Insulation Materials Based on Natural Fibres 481

Franz Neubauer

21 Natural Fibres in Geotextiles for Soil Protection and Erosion Control 509

Gero Leson, Michael V. Harding, and Klaus Dippon

Index 523

Professor Jorg Mussig, is based in the Department of Biomimetics, at the University of Applied Sciences in Bremen. His research is in the concept development of sustainable materials, structural and property relationships between materials and natural fibers und natural composite materials.