Swelling Concrete in Dams and Hydraulic Structures DSC 2017

The swelling of concrete is a major concern for the owners and operators of dams and hydraulic structures. Faced with irreversible movement of their dams or with observations of cracking processes, operators need to explain the phenomena observed in order to justify safety conditions and in some cases to plan remedial works.

Over the last 20 years, active research has been carried out in the field, resulting in practical results in phenomena interpretation and dam modeling. At the same time, an increasing number of affected dams have undergone safety re-evaluations and in some cases remedial work. Several of them have been removed altogether. Although it remains difficult to establish a ?state of the art? in this domain due to the rapidly changing context, regular international exchanges in the field appear fruitful and necessary.

Following on from previous conferences in the field organized by Robin Charlwood, former President of the ICOLD Concrete Committee, the initiative was taken by EDF and Toulouse University-LMDC to organize a workshop to provide a new opportunity for sharing experience. The aim of this workshop is to assemble active researchers, leading engineers, and experts from the practicing community and administration interested directly or indirectly in concrete swelling effects in dams and hydraulic structures. All types of chemical expansion phenomena, including those due to alkali aggregate reactions and those due to ettringite formation, are addressed.

These proceedings include 24 papers written by experts renowned in their field, illustrating the need to progress with interdisciplinary approaches.

Preface
Alain Sellier, Étienne Grimal, Stéphane Multon, Éric Bourdarot

Chapter 1 International Context 1

A Review of the Effectiveness of Strategies to Manage Expansive Chemical Reactions in Dams and Hydro Projects
Robin Charlwood, Ian Sims 3

Swelling Dams in Switzerland
Francesco Amberg, Roger Bremen, Patrice Droz, Raphaël Leroy, Johannes Maier, Bastian Otto 40

Chapter 2 Physico-Chemical Mechanisms Experimental Test 53

Behavior of Concrete Deteriorated by ASR under Triaxial Load
Adrien Hilaire, Alain B. Giorla, Cyril Dunant, Lionel Sofia, Karen Scrivener 55

Importance of Alkali-Wrapping for CPT 
Kazuo Yamada, Yuichiro Kawabata, Shoichi Ogawa, Kengo Haga, Yasutaka Sagawa, T. Ochiai 68

Structures Damaged by ASR and DEF: Improving the Prognosis of Structures Damaged by Expansive Concrete with Physico-Chemical Modelling
Stéphane Multon, Alain Sellier, Étienne Grimal, Éric Bourdarot 80

Can Certain Alkali Minerals Explain the Slow Reactivity of Granitic Aggregates in Dams?
Antonio Santos Silva, Isabel Fernandes, Ana Rita Ferraz, Dora Soares 93

Experimental Study on Effects of Aggregates Mineralogical Composition and Preservation Conditions on DEF in Concrete 
Marie Malbois, Loic Divet, Stéphane Lavaud, Jean-michel Torrenti 106

The Identification, Extent and Prognosis of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction Related to Existing Dams in Switzerland 
Russel Michael Gunn, Karen Scrivener, Andreas Leemann 117

Experimental Evidence for the Link Between Aggregate Degradation and Expansion and the Formulation of the Microstructural Model
Cyril Dunant, Karen Scrivener 144

A Robust Testing Protocol for the Assessment of ASR Reactivity of Concrete
Lionel Sofia, Theodore Chappex, Cyril Dunant, Karen Scrivener 153

Chapter 3 Structural Modeling 161

Modeling of Environmental Conditions and their Impact on the Expansion of Concrete Affected by the Alkali–Silica Reaction
Yuichiro Kawabata, Kazuo Yamada, Shoichi Ogawa 163

Nonlinear Finite Elements for the Assessment of Hydraulic Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-Aggregate Reaction: A Study Case
Mahdi Ben Ftima, Pierre Léger, Fateh Boussaha 176

Macro-Modelling of AAR-Affected Hydraulic Structures: Assessment of Parameters Influencing the In-Situ Concrete Growth
Vladimir Gocevski, Emre Yildiz 188

AAR and DEF Structural Effects Modelling
Étienne Grimal, Pierre Morenon, Alain Sellier, Stéphane Multon, Éric Bourdarot 203

Swelling Effects in Fagilde Dam (Portugal): First Approach to Structural Analysis and Interpretation
José Piteira Gomes, Antonio Lopez Batista, S.P.M Sousa 218

Expansions in a Concrete Dam with Bridge over Spillway in South America: Case Study with Expansions of Different Origin
Ana Blanco, Sergio H.P. Cavalaro, Ignacio Segura, Luis Segura-castillo, Antonio Aguado 235

Modeling Concrete Expansions via Coupled C-M Mesoscale Analysis with Zero-Thickness Interface Elements, and Lab Experiments
Ignacio Carol, Joaqin Liaudat, Carlos M. López 248

Chapter 4 Dams and Hydraulic Structures Applications Remedial Works 261

Numerical Analysis of AAR Affected Structures with Slot-Cuts: Finite Element Analysis Using Explicit Scheme
Vladimir Gocevski, Emre Yildiz 263

Swelling Arch Dams with Thrust Blocks
Grégory Coubard, Jérôme Sausse 277

Bimont Dam Case: Studies and Investigations Inside the Dam Body
Christine Noret, Katia Laliche 289

Chambon Dam: A Struggle against AAR 
Olivier Chulliat, Étienne Grimal, Éric Bourdarot 305

Chapter 5 Long-Term Behavior Risk Reduction 319

The Diagnosis and Prognosis of ASR and ISR in Miranda Dam, Portugal
João Custódio, José Ilídio Ferreira, Antonio Santos Silva, António Bettencourt Ribeiro, António Lopes Batista 321

Long-Term Behaviour of EDF Dams Regarding Concrete Swelling Structures: Synthesis of Monitoring Data Over Time
Thierry Guilloteau, François Martinot, Jérôme Sausse 338

Important Lessons Learnt from the Proper Surveillance of Swelling Concrete
Louis Christian Hattingh, Chris Oosthuizen, Ilidio Tembe, C.N. Mahlabela 352

Index of Authors 367 

Étienne Grimal, EDF-CIH, France.

Stéphane Multon, LMDC-Toulouse University, France.

Éric Bourdarot, EDF-CIH, France.