Physical Modelling in Geotechnics Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics (ICPMG 2018), July 17-20, 2018, London, United Kingdom

Physical Modelling in Geotechnics collects more than 1500 pages of peer-reviewed papers written by researchers from over 30 countries, and presented at the 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 2018 (City, University of London, UK 17-20 July 2018). The ICPMG series has grown such that two volumes of proceedings were required to publish all contributions. The books represent a substantial body of work in four years. Physical Modelling in Geotechnics contains 230 papers, including eight keynote and themed lectures representing the state-of-the-art in physical modelling research in aspects as diverse as fundamental modelling including sensors, imaging, modelling techniques and scaling, onshore and offshore foundations, dams and embankments, retaining walls and deep excavations, ground improvement and environmental engineering, tunnels and geohazards including significant contributions in the area of seismic engineering. ISSMGE TC104 have identified areas for special attention including education in physical modelling and the promotion of physical modelling to industry. With this in mind there is a special themed paper on education, focusing on both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching as well as practicing geotechnical engineers.

Physical modelling has entered a new era with the advent of exciting work on real time interfaces between physical and numerical modelling and the growth of facilities and expertise that enable development of so called ?megafuges? of 1000gtonne capacity or more; capable of modelling the largest and most complex of geotechnical challenges. Physical Modelling in Geotechnics will be of interest to professionals, engineers and academics interested or involved in geotechnics, geotechnical engineering and related areas.

The 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics was organised by the Multi Scale Geotechnical Engineering Research Centre at City, University of London under the auspices of Technical Committee 104 of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). City, University of London, are pleased to host the prestigious international conference for the first time having initiated and hosted the first regional conference, Eurofuge, ten years ago in 2008. Quadrennial regional conferences in both Europe and Asia are now well established events giving doctoral researchers, in particular, the opportunity to attend an international conference in this rapidly evolving specialist area.

VOLUME 1

Modelling tunnel behaviour under seismic actions: An integrated approach
E. Bilotta

An example of effective mentoring for research centres
C.E. Bronner, D.W.Wilson, K. Ziotopoulou, K.M. Darby, A. Sturm, A.J. Raymond, R.W. Boulanger, J.T. DeJong, D.M. Moug & J.D. Bronner

Geotechnical modelling for offshore renewables
C. Gaudin, C.D. O’Loughlin & B. Bienen

Physical modelling applied to infrastructure development
R.J. Goodey

The role of centrifuge modelling in capturing whole-life responses of geotechnical infrastructure to optimise design
S. Gourvenec

Development of geotechnical centrifuges and facilities in China
Y.J. Hou

Physical modelling of structural and biological soil reinforcement
J.A. Knappett

Current and emerging physical modelling technologies
W.A. Take

1. Sample preparation and characterisation

Investigation into 3D printing of granular media
O. Adamidis, S. Alber & I. Anastasopoulos

Undrained shear strength profile of normally and overconsolidated kaolin clay
A. Arnold,W. Zhang &A. Askarinejad

LEAP GWU 2017: Investigating different methods for verifying the relative density of a centrifuge model
R. Beber, S.S.C. Madabhushi, A. Dobrisan, S.K. Haigh & S.P.G. Madabhushi

Centrifuge modelling of Continuous Compaction Control (CCC)
B. Caicedo & J. Escobar

Shear wave velocity: Comparison between centrifuge and triaxial based measurements
G. Cui, C.M. Heron &A.M. Marshall

Development of layered models for geotechnical centrifuge tests
S. Divall, S.E. Stallebrass, R.J. Goodey & E.P. Ritchie

The influence of temperature on shear strength at a soil-structure interface
J. Parchment & P. Shepley

Development of a 3D clay printer for the preparation of heterogeneous models
L.M. Pua, B. Caicedo, D. Castillo & S. Caro

2. Engineered platforms

Centrifuge modelling utility pipe behaviour subject to vehicular loading
S.M. Bayton, T. Elmrom & J.A. Black

Experimental model study on traffic loading induced earth pressure reduction using EPS geofoam
T.N. Dave & S.M. Dasaka

Physical modelling of roads in expansive clay subjected to wetting-drying cycles
S. Laporte, G.A. Siemens & R.A. Beddoe

Scaled physical modelling of ultra-thin continuously reinforced concrete pavement
M.S. Smit, E.P. Kearsley & S.W. Jacobsz

The effect of relative stiffness on soil-structure interaction under vehicle loads
M.S. Smit, E.P. Kearsley & S.W. Jacobsz

Plate bearing tests for working platforms
G. Tanghetti, R.J. Goodey, A.M. McNamara & H. Halai

Geotechnical model tests on bearing capacity of working platforms for mobile construction machines and cranes
R.Worbes & C. Moormann

1g physical modelling of the stoneblowing technique for the improvement of railway track maintenance
A.A. Zaytsev, A.A. Abrashitov &A.A. Sydrakov

3. Physical/Numerical interface and comparisons

Millisecond interfacing of physical models with ABAQUS
S. Idinyang, A. Franza, C.M. Heron &A.M. Marshall

Verification and validation of two-phase material point method simulation of pore water pressure rise and dissipation in earthquakes
T. Kiriyama, K. Fukutake &Y. Higo

Centrifuge and numerical investigations of rotated box structures
T.A. Newson, O.S. Abuhajar & K.J.L. Stone

Multibillion particle DEM to simulate centrifuge model tests of geomaterials
D. Nishiura, H. Sakaguchi & S. Yamamoto

Trapdoor model test and DEM simulation associated with arching
M. Otsubo, R. Kuwano, U. Ali & H. Ebizuka

4. Scaling

Variability of small scale model reinforced concrete and implications for geotechnical centrifuge testing
J.A. Knappett, M.J. Brown, L. Shields, A.H. Al-Defae & M. Loli

Modelling experiments to investigate soil-water retention in geotechnical centrifuge
M. Mirshekari, M. Ghayoomi &A. Borghei

Studies on the use of hydraulic gradient similitude method for determining permeability of soils
K.T. Mohan Gowda & B.V.S. Viswanadham

A new insight into the behaviour of seepage flow in centrifuge modelling
W. Ovalle-Villamil & I. Sasanakul

Applicability of the generalised scaling law to pile-inclined ground system
K. Sawada, K. Ueda & S. Iai

Permeability of sand with a methylcellulose solution
T. Tobita

5. Sensors

Investigation of an OFDR fibre Bragg system for use in geotechnical scale modelling
R.D. Beemer, M.J. Cassidy & C. Gaudin

Free fall cone tests in kaolin clay
A. Bezuijen, D.A. den Hamer, L. Vincke & K. Geirnaert

A new shared miniature cone penetrometer for centrifuge testing
T. Carey, A. Gavras, B. Kutter, S.K. Haigh, S.P.G. Madabhushi, M. Okamura, D.S. Kim, K. Ueda,W.Y. Hung, Y.G. Zhou, K. Liu, Y.M. Chen, M. Zeghal, T. Abdoun, S. Escoffier & M. Manzari

Shear wave velocity measurement in a large geotechnical laminar box using bender elements
J. Colletti, A. Tessari, K. Sett, W. Hoffman & J. Coleman

Low cost tensiometers for geotechnical applications
S.W. Jacobsz

A field model investigating pipeline leak detection using discrete fibre optic sensors
S.I. Jahnke, S.W. Jacobsz & E.P. Kearsley

Development of an instrumented model pile
A.B. Lundberg,W. Broere & J. Dijkstra

New method for full field measurement of pore water pressures
M. Ottolini,W. Broere & J. Dijkstra

Ambient pressure calibration for cone penetrometer test: Necessary?
Y.Wang, Y. Hu & M.S. Hossain

6. Modelling techniques

Development of a rainfall simulator in centrifuge using Modified Mariotte’s principle
D. Bhattacherjee & B.V.S. Viswanadham

Development of model structural dampers for dynamic centrifuge testing
J. Boksmati, S.P.G. Madabhushi & N.I. Thusyanthan

Experimental evaluation of two-stage scaling in physical modelling of soil-foundation-structure systems
A. Borghei & M. Ghayoomi

Development of a window laminar strong box
S.C. Chian, C. Qin & Z. Zhang

Ground-borne vibrations from piles: Testing within a geotechnical centrifuge
G. Cui, C.M. Heron &A.M. Marshall

A new Stockwell mean square frequency methodology for analysing centrifuge data
J. Dafni & J.Wartman

Novel experimental device to simulate tsunami loading in a geotechnical centrifuge
M.C. Exton, S. Harry, H.B. Mason, H. Yeh & B.L. Kutter

A new apparatus to examine the role of seepage flow on internal instability of model soil
F. Gaber & E.T. Bowman

Centrifuge model test on the instability of an excavator descending a slope
T. Hori & S. Tamate

Transparent soils turn 25: Past, present, and future
M. Iskander

Application of 3D printing technology in geotechnical-physical modelling: Tentative experiment practice
Q. Jiang, L.F. Li, M. Zhang & L.B. Song

Scaling of plant roots for geotechnical centrifuge tests using juvenile live roots or 3D printed analogues
T. Liang, J.A. Knappett, G.J. Meijer, D. MuirWood, A.G. Bengough, K.W. Loades & P.D. Hallett

Revisit of the empirical prediction methods for liquefaction-induced lateral spread by using the LEAP centrifuge model tests
K. Liu, Y.G. Zhou, Y. She, P. Xia, Y.M. Chen, D.S. Ling & B. Huang

Physical modelling of atmospheric conditions during drying
C. Lozada, B. Caicedo & L. Thorel

Centrifuge model tests on excavation in Shanghai clay using in-flight excavation tools
X.F. Ma & J.W. Xu

Effect of root spacing on interpretation of blade penetration tests—full-scale physical modelling
G.J. Meijer, J.A. Knappett, A.G. Bengough, K.W. Loades & B.C. Nicoll

Development of a centrifuge testing method for stability analyses of breakwater foundation under combined actions of earthquake and tsunami
J. Miyamoto, K. Tsurugasaki, R. Hem, T. Matsuda & K. Maeda

Modelling of rocking structures in a centrifuge
I. Pelekis, G.S.P. Madabhushi & M.J. DeJong

A new test setup for studying sand behaviour inside an immersed tunnel joint gap
R. Rahadian, S. van derWoude, D.Wilschut, C.B.M. Blom &W. Broere

3D printing of masonry structures for centrifuge modelling
S. Ritter, M.J. DeJong, G. Giardina & R.J. Mair

A mechanical displacement control model tunnel for simulating eccentric ground loss in the centrifuge
G. Song, A.M. Marshall & C.M. Heron

Preliminary results of laboratory analysis of sand fluidisation
F.S. Tehrani, A. Askarinejad & F. Schenkeveld

Rolling test in geotechnical centrifuge for ore liquefaction analysis
L. Thorel, P. Audrain, A. Néel, A. Bretschneider, M. Blanc & F. Saboya

Design and performance of an electro-mechanical pile driving hammer for geo-centrifuge
J.C.B. van Zeben, C. Azúa-González, M. Alvarez Grima, C. van ‘t Hof &A. Askarinejad

A new heating-cooling system for centrifuge testing of thermo-active geo-structures
D. Vitali, A.K. Leung, R. Zhao & J.A. Knappett

Physical modelling of soil-structure interaction of tree root systems under lateral loads
X. Zhang, J.A. Knappett, A.K. Leung &T. Liang

7. Facilities

A new environmental chamber for the HKUST centrifuge facility
A. Archer & C.W.W. Ng

Upgrades to the NHRI – 400 g-tonne geotechnical centrifuge
S.S. Chen, X.W. Gu, G.F. Ren,W.M. Zhang, N.X.Wang, G.M. Xu,W. Liu, J.Z. Hong &Y.B. Cheng

A new 240 g-tonne geotechnical centrifuge at the University of Western Australia
C. Gaudin, C.D. O’Loughlin & J. Breen

Development of a rainfall simulator for climate modelling
I.U. Khan, M. Al-Fergani & J.A. Black

The development of a small centrifuge for testing unsaturated soils
K.A. Kwa & D.W. Airey

Full scale laminar box for 1-g physical modelling of liquefaction
S. Thevanayagam, Q. Huang, M.C. Constantinou, T. Abdoun & R. Dobry

8. Education

Using small-scale seepage physical models to generate didactic material for soil mechanics classes
L.B. Becker, R.M. Linhares, F.S. Oliveira & F.L. Marques

Centrifuge modelling in the undergraduate curriculum—a 5 year reflection
J.A. Black, S.M. Bayton, A. Cargill &A. Tatari

Geotechnical centrifuge facility for teaching at City, University of London
S. Divall, S.E. Stallebrass, R.J. Goodey, R.N. Taylor &A.M. McNamara

Development of a teaching centrifuge learning environment using mechanically stabilized earth walls
A.F. Tessari & J.A. Black

9. Offshore

Development of a series of 2D backfill ploughing physical models for pipelines and cables
T. Bizzotto, M.J. Brown, A.J. Brennan, T. Powell & H. Chandler

Capacity of vertical and horizontal plate anchors in sand under normal and shear loading
S.H. Chow, J. Le, M. Forsyth & C.D. O’Loughlin

A novel experimental-numerical approach to model buried pipes subjected to reverse faulting
R.Y. Khaksar, M. Moradi &A. Ghalandarzadeh

Wave-induced liquefaction and floatation of pipeline buried in sand beds
J. Miyamoto, K. Tsurugasaki & S. Sassa

Surface pipeline buckling on clay: Demonstration
R. Phillips, J. Barrett & G. Piercey

Centrifuge modelling for lateral pile-soil pressure on passive part of pile group with platform
G.F. Ren, G.M. Xu, X.W. Gu, Z.Y. Cai, B.X. Shi &A.Z. Chen

Centrifuge model tests and circular slip analyses to evaluate reinforced composite-type breakwater stability against tsunami
H. Takahashi, S. Sassa, Y. Morikawa & K. Maruyama

10. Offshore – shallow foundations

Centrifuge tests on the influence of vacuum on wave impact on a caisson
D.A. de Lange, A. Bezuijen &T. Tobita

Physical modelling of active suction for offshore renewables
N. Fiumana, C. Gaudin, Y. Tian & C.D. O’Loughlin

Cyclic behaviour of unit bucket for tripod foundation system under various loading characteristics via centrifuge
Y.H. Jeong, H.J. Park, D.S. Kim & J.H. Kim

Physical modelling of reinstallation of a novel spudcan nearby existing footprint
M.J. Jun, Y.H. Kim, M.S. Hossain, M.J. Cassidy, Y. Hu & S.G. Park

Reduction in soil penetration resistance for suction-assisted installation of bucket foundation in sand
A.K. Koteras & L.B. Ibsen

Evaluation of seismic coefficient for gravity quay wall via centrifuge modelling
M.G. Lee, J.G. Ha, H.J. Park, D.S. Kim & S.B. Jo

Sleeve effect on the post-consolidation extraction resistance of spudcan foundation in overconsolidated clay
Y.P. Li & J.Y. Shi

Measuring the behaviour of dual row retaining walls in dry sands using centrifuge tests
S.S.C. Madabhushi & S.K. Haigh

Verification of improvement plan for seismic retrofits of existing quay wall in small scale fishing port
K. Mikasa & K. Okabayashi

Visualisation of mechanisms governing suction bucket installation in dense sand
R. Ragni, B. Bienen, S.A. Stanier, M.J. Cassidy & C.D. O’Loughlin

Recent advances in tsunami-seabed-structure interaction from geotechnical and hydrodynamic perspectives: Role of overflow/seepage coupling
S. Sassa

Evaluation of seismic behaviour of reinforced earth wall based on design practices and centrifuge model tests
Y. Sawamura, T. Shibata & M. Kimura

Centrifuge tests investigating the effect of suction caisson installation in dense sand on the state of the soil plug
M. Stapelfeldt, B. Bienen & J. Grabe

Centrifuge model tests on stabilisation countermeasures of a composite breakwater under tsunami actions
K. Tsurugasaki, J. Miyamoto, R. Hem, T. Iwamoto & H. Nakase

Interaction between jack-up spudcan and adjacent piles with non-perfect pile cap
Y. Xie, C.F. Leung &Y.K. Chow

11. Offshore – deep foundations

Centrifuge modelling of long term cyclic lateral loading on monopiles
S.M. Bayton, J.A. Black & R.T. Klinkvort

Centrifuge modelling of screw piles for offshore wind energy foundations
C. Davidson, T. Al-Baghdadi, M.J. Brown, A. Brennan, J.A. Knappett, C. Augarde, W. Coombs, L.Wang, D.J. Richards, A. Blake & J. Ball

General study on the axial capacity of piles of offshore wind turbines jacked in sand
I. El Haffar, M. Blanc & L. Thorel

Dynamic load tests on large diameter open-ended piles in sand performed in the centrifuge
E. Heins, B. Bienen, M.F. Randolph & J. Grabe

Centrifuge model tests on holding capacity of suction anchors in sandy deposits
K. Kita, T. Utsunomiya & K. Sekita

A review of modelling effects in centrifuge monopile testing in sand
R.T. Klinkvort, J.A. Black, S.M. Bayton, S.K. Haigh, G.S.P. Madabhushi, M. Blanc, L. Thorel, V. Zania, B. Bienen & C. Gaudin

Experimental modelling of the effects of scour on offshore wind turbine monopile foundations
R.O. Mayall, R.A. McAdam, B.W. Byrne, H.J. Burd, B.B. Sheil, P. Cassie & R.J.S. Whitehouse

Centrifuge tests on the response of piles under cyclic lateral 1-way and 2-way loading
C. Niemann, O. Reul, Y. Tian, C.D. O’Loughlin & M.J. Cassidy

Physical modelling of monopile foundations under variable cyclic lateral loading
I.A. Richards, B.W. Byrne & G.T. Houlsby

Centrifuge model testing of fin piles in sand
S. Sayles, K.J.L. Stone, M. Diakoumi & D.J. Richards

Dynamic behaviour evaluation of offshore wind turbine using geotechnical centrifuge tests
J.T. Seong, J.H. Kim & D.S. Kim

An investigation on the performance of a self-installing monopiled GBS structure under lateral loading
K.J.L. Stone, A. Tillman & M. Vaziri

Model tests on the lateral cyclic responses of a caisson-piles foundation under scour
C.R. Zhang, H.W. Tang & M.S. Huang

Comparison of centrifuge model tests of tetrapod piled jacket foundation in saturated sand and clay
B. Zhu, K.Wen, L.J.Wang &Y.M. Chen

VOLUME 2

12. Tunnel, shafts and pipelines

Study of the effects of explosion on a buried tunnel through centrifuge model tests
A. De &T.F. Zimmie

Uplift resistance of a buried pipeline in silty soil on slopes
G.N. Eichhorn & S.K. Haigh

Modelling the excavation of elliptical shafts in the geotechnical centrifuge
N.E. Faustin, M.Z.E.B. Elshafie & R.J. Mair

Shaking table test to evaluate the effects of earthquake on internal force of Tabriz subway tunnel (Line 2)
M. Hajialilue-Bonab, M. Farrin & M. Movasat

Effect of pipe defect size and maximum particle size of bedding material on associated internal erosion
S. Indiketiya, P. Jegatheesan, R. Pathmanathan & R. Kuwano

Modelling cave mining in the geotechnical centrifuge
S.W. Jacobsz, E.P. Kearsley, D. Cumming-Potvin & J.Wesseloo

Experimental modelling of infiltration of bentonite slurry in front of shield tunnel in saturated sand
T. Xu &A. Bezuijen

13. Imaging

Flow visualisation in a geotechnical centrifuge under controlled seepage conditions
C.T.S. Beckett &A.B. Fourie

A new procedure for tracking displacements of submerged sloping ground in centrifuge testing
T. Carey, N. Stone, B. Kutter & M. Hajialilue-Bonab

Identification of soil stress-strain response from full field displacement measurements in plane strain model tests
J.A. Charles, C.C. Smith & J.A. Black

Imaging of sand-pile interface submitted to a high number of loading cycles
J. Doreau-Malioche, G. Combe, J.B. Toni, G. Viggiani & M. Silva

Image capture and motion tracking applications in geotechnical centrifuge modelling
P. Kokkali, T. Abdoun &A. Tessari

A study on performance of three-dimensional imaging system for physical models
B.T. Le, S. Nadimi, R.J. Goodey & R.N. Taylor

Visualisation of inter-granular pore fluid flow
L. Li, M. Iskander & M. Omidvar

A two-dimensional laser-scanner system for geotechnical processes monitoring
M.D. Valencia-Galindo, L.N. Beltrán-Rodriguez, J.A. Sánchez-Peralta, J.S. Tituaña-Puente, M.G. Trujillo-Vela, J.M. Larrahondo, L.F. Prada-Sarmiento &A.M. Ramos-Cañón

14. Seismic – dynamic

Dynamic behaviour of model pile in saturated sloping ground during shaking table tests
C.H. Chen, T.S. Ueng & C.H. Chen

Investigation on the aseismic performance of pile foundations in volcanic ash ground
T. Egawa, T. Yamanashi & K. Isobe

Effective parameters on the interaction between reverse fault rupture and shallow foundations: Centrifuge modelling
A. Ghalandarzadeh & M. Ashtiani

Seismic amplification of clay ground and long-term consolidation after earthquake
Y. Hatanaka & K. Isobe

Evaluation of period-lengthening ratio (PLR) of single-degree-of-freedom structure via dynamic centrifuge tests
K.W. Ko, J.G. Ha, H.J. Park & D.S. Kim

Centrifuge modelling of active seismic fault interaction with oil well casings
J. Le Cossec, K.J.L. Stone, C. Ryan & K. Dimitriadis

Centrifuge shaking table tests on composite caisson-piles foundation
F. Liang, Y. Jia, H. Zhang, H. Chen & M. Huang

Dynamic behaviour of three-hinge-type precast arch culverts with various patterns of overburden in culvert longitudinal direction
Y. Miyazaki, Y. Sawamura, K. Kishida & M. Kimura

Dynamic centrifuge model tests on sliding base isolation systems leveraging buoyancy
N. Nigorikawa, Y. Asaka & M. Hasebe

Centrifugal model tests on static and seismic stability of landfills with high water level
B. Zhu, J.C. Li, L.J.Wang &Y.M. Chen

15. Seismic – liquefaction

Partial drainage during earthquake-induced liquefaction
O. Adamidis & G.S.P. Madabhushi

Centrifuge modelling of site response and liquefaction using a 2D laminar box and biaxial dynamic base excitation
O. El Shafee, J. Lawler &T. Abdoun

Experimental simulation of the effect of preshaking on liquefaction of sandy soils
W. El-Sekelly, T. Abdoun, R. Dobry & S. Thevanayagam

Dynamic centrifuge testing to assess liquefaction potential
G. Fasano, E. Bilotta, A. Flora, V. Fioravante, D. Giretti, C.G. Lai &A.G. Özcebe

Experimental and computational study on effects of permeability on liquefaction
H. Funahara & N. Tomita

The importance of vertical accelerations in liquefied soils
F.E. Hughes & S.P.G. Madabhushi

The effects of waveform of input motions on soil liquefaction by centrifuge modelling
W.Y. Hung, T.W. Liao, L.M. Hu & J.X. Huang

Horizontal subgrade reaction of piles in liquefiable ground
S. Imamura

Experimental investigation of pore pressure and acceleration development in static liquefaction induced failures in submerged slopes
A. Maghsoudloo, A. Askarinejad, R.R. de Jager, F. Molenkamp & M.A. Hicks

Centrifuge modelling of earthquake-induced liquefaction on footings built on improved ground
A.S.P.S. Marques, P.A.L.F. Coelho, S.K. Haigh & G.S.P. Madabhushi

Investigating the effect of layering on the formation of sand boils in 1 g shaking table tests
S. Miles, J. Still & M. Stringer

Centrifuge modelling of mitigation-soil-structure-interaction on layered liquefiable soil deposits with a silt cap
B. Paramasivam, S. Dashti, A.B. Liel & J.C. Olarte

Centrifuge modelling of the effects of soil liquefiability on the seismic response of low-rise structures
S. Qi & J.A. Knappett

Liquefaction behaviour focusing on pore water inflow into unsaturated surface layer
Y. Takada, K. Ueda, S. Iai &T. Mikami

16. Dams and embankments

Performance of single piles in riverbank clay slopes subject to repetitive tidal cycles
U. Ahmed, D.E.L. Ong & C.F. Leung

Load transfer mechanism of reinforced piled embankments
M.S.S. Almeida, D.F. Fagundes, M.C.F. Almeida, D.A. Hartmann, R. Girout, L. Thorel & M. Blanc

Experiments for a coarse sand barrier as a measure against backwards erosion piping
A. Bezuijen, E. Rosenbrand, V.M. van Beek & K. Vandenboer

Load transfer mechanism of piled embankments: Centrifuge tests versus analytical models
M. Blanc, L. Thorel, R. Girout, M.S.S. Almeida & D.F. Fagundes

Physical model testing to evaluate erosion quantity and pattern
M. Kamalzare &T.F. Zimmie

Physical modelling of large dams for seismic performance evaluation
N.R. Kim & S.B. Jo

Centrifuge model tests on levees subjected to flooding
R.K. Saran & B.V.S. Viswanadham

Centrifuge model test of vacuum consolidation on soft clay combined with embankment loading
S. Shiraga, G. Hasegawa, Y. Sawamura & M. Kimura

17. Geohazards

Effects of viscosity in granular flows simulated in a centrifugal acceleration field
M. Cabrera, P. Kailey, E.T. Bowman &W.Wu

Using pipe deflection to detect sinkhole development
E.P. Kearsley, S.W. Jacobsz & H. Louw

Model tests to simulate formation and expansion of subsurface cavities
R. Kuwano, R. Sera &Y. Ohara

Centrifuge modelling of a pipeline subjected to soil mass movements
J.R.M.S. Oliveira, K.I. Rammah, P.C. Trejo, M.S.S. Almeida & M.C.F. Almeida

Effects of earthquake motion on subsurface cavities
R. Sera, M. Ota & R. Kuwano

Preliminary study of debris flow impact force on a circular pillar
A.L. Yifru, R.N. Pradhan, S. Nordal &V. Thakur

18. Slopes

Centrifuge modelling of earth slopes subjected to change in water content
P. Aggarwal, R. Singla &A. Juneja

Centrifuge and numerical modelling of static liquefaction of fine sandy slopes
A. Askarinejad,W. Zhang, M. de Boorder & J. van der Zon

Modelling of MSW landfill slope failure
Y.J. Hou, X.D. Zhang, J.H. Liang, C.H. Jia, R. Peng & C.Wang

Effects of plant removal on slope hydrology and stability
V. Kamchoom &A.K. Leung

Centrifuge model test on deformation and failure of slopes under wetting-drying cycles
F. Luo & G. Zhang

Centrifuge model studies of the soil slope under freezing and thawing processes
C. Zhang, Z.Y. Cai, Y.H. Huang & G.M. Xu

An experimental and numerical study of pipe behaviour in triggered sandy slope failures
W. Zhang, Z. Gng &A. Askarinejad

19. Ground improvement

Investigation of nailed slope behaviour during excavation by Ng centrifuge physical model tests
A. Akoochakian, M. Moradi &A. Kavand

Relative contribution of drainage capacity of stone columns as a countermeasure against liquefaction
E. Apostolou, A.J. Brennan & J.Wehr

Observed deformations in geosynthetic-reinforced granular soils subjected to voids
T.S. da Silva & M.Z.E.B. Elshafie

Analytical design approach for the self-regulating interactive membrane foundation based on centrifuge-model tests and numerical simulations
O. Detert, D. König &T. Schanz

Earthquake-induced liquefaction mitigation under existing buildings using drains
S. García-Torres & G.S.P. Madabhushi

Deformation behaviour research of an artificial island by centrifuge modelling test
X.W. Gu, Z.Y. Cai, G.M. Xu & G.F. Ren

Effect of lateral confining condition of behaviour of confined-reinforced earth
H.M. Hung & J. Kuwano

An experimental study on the effects of enhanced drainage for liquefaction mitigation in dense urban environments
P.B. Kirkwood & S. Dashti

Influence of tamper shape on dynamic compaction of granular soil
S. Kundu & B.V.S. Viswanadham

Behaviour of geogrid reinforced soil walls with marginal backfills with and without chimney drain in a geotechnical centrifuge
J. Mamaghanian, H.R. Razeghi, B.V.S. Viswanadham & C.H.S.G. Manikumar

Centrifuge model tests on effect of inclined foundation on stability of column type deep mixing improved ground
S. Matsuda, M. Momoi & M. Kitazume

Large-scale physical model GRS walls: Evaluation of the combined effects of facing stiffness and toe resistance on performance
S.H. Mirmoradi & M. Ehrlich

Deep vibration compaction of sand using mini vibrator
S. Nagula, P. Mayanja & J. Grabe

Dynamic centrifuge tests on nailed slope with facing plates
S. Nakamoto, N. Iwasa & J. Takemura

Influence of slope inclination on the performance of slopes with and without soil-nails subjected to seepage: A centrifuge study
V.M. Rotte & B.V.S. Viswanadham

Performance of soil-nailed wall with three-dimensional geometry: Centrifuge study
M. Sabermahani, M. Moradi &A. Pooresmaeili

Behaviour of geogrid-reinforced aggregate layer overlaying poorly graded sand under cyclic loading
A.A. Soe, J. Kuwano, I. Akram, T. Kogure & H. Kanai

Physical modelling of compaction grouting injection using a transparent soil
D. Takano, Y. Morikawa, Y. Miyata, H. Nonoyama & R.J. Bathurst

Centrifuge modelling of remediation of liquefaction-induced pipeline uplift using model root systems
K.Wang, A.J. Brennan, J.A. Knappett, S. Robinson &A.G. Bengough

Comparative study of consolidation behaviour of differently-treated mature fine tailings specimens through centrifuge modelling
G. Zambrano-Narvaez, Y.Wang & R.J. Chalaturnyk

Physical modelling and monitoring of the subgrade on weak foundation and its reinforcing with geosynthetics
A.A. Zaytsev, Y.K. Frolovsky, A.V. Gorlov, A.V. Petryaev &V.V. Ganchits

20. Shallow foundations

Effect of spatial variability on the behaviour of shallow foundations: Centrifuge study
L.X. Garzón, B. Caicedo, M. Sánchez-Silva & K.K. Phoon

1g model tests of surface and embedded footings on unsaturated compacted sand
A.J. Lutenegger & M.T. Adams

Experimental study on the coupled effect of the vertical load and the horizontal load on the performance of piled beam-slab foundation
L. Mu, M. Huang, X. Kang &Y. Zhang

Determining shallow foundation stiffness in sand from centrifuge modelling
A. Pearson & P. Shepley

The effect of soil stiffness on the undrained bearing capacity of a footing on a layered clay deposit
A. Salehi, Y. Hu, B.M. Lehane, V. Zania & S.L. Sovso

Centrifuge investigation of the cyclic loading effect on the post-cyclic monotonic performance of a single-helix anchor in sand
J.A. Schiavon, C.H.C. Tsuha & L. Thorel

Bearing capacity of surface and embedded foundations on a slope: Centrifuge modelling
D. Taeseri, L. Sakellariadis, R. Schindler & I. Anastasopoulos

21. Deep foundations

Performance of piled raft with unequal pile lengths
R.S. Bisht, A. Juneja, A. Tyagi & F.H. Lee

Pile response during liquefaction-induced lateral spreading: 1-g shake table tests with different ground inclination
A. Ebeido, A. Elgamal & M. Zayed

Effect of the installation methods of piles in cohesionless soil on their axial capacity
I. El Haffar, M. Blanc & L. Thorel

Model testing of rotary jacked open ended tubular piles in saturated non-cohesive soil
D. Frick, K.A. Schmoor, P. Gütz & M. Achmus

Model tests on soil displacement effects for differently shaped piles
A.A. Ganiyu, A.S.A. Rashid, M.H. Osman &W.O. Ajagbe

Comparison of seismic behaviour of pile foundations in two different soft clay profiles
T.K. Garala & G.S.P. Madabhushi

Issues with centrifuge modelling of energy piles in soft clays
I. Ghaaowd, J. McCartney, X. Huang, F. Saboya & S. Tibana

Centrifuge modelling of non-displacement piles on a thin bearing layer overlying a clay layer
Y. Horii &T. Nagao

Rigid pile improvement under rigid slab or footing under cyclic loading
O. Jenck, F. Emeriault, C. Dos Santos Mendes, O. Yaba, J.B. Toni, G. Vian & M. Houda

Pull-out testing of steel reinforced earth systems: Modelling in view of soil dilation and boundary effects
M. Loli, I. Georgiou, A. Tsatsis, R. Kourkoulis & F. Gelagoti

Pile jetting in plane strain: Small-scale modelling of monopiles
S. Norris & P. Shepley

Influence of geometry on the bearing capacity of sheet piled foundations
J.P. Panchal, A.M. McNamara & R.J. Goodey

Kinematic interaction of piles under seismic loading
J. Pérez-Herreros, F. Cuira, S. Escoffier & P. Kotronis

Behaviour of piled raft foundation systems in soft soil with consolidation process
E. Rodríguez, R.P. Cunha & B. Caicedo

Displacement measurements of ground and piles in sand subjected to reverse faulting
C.F. Yao, S. Seki & J. Takemura

22. Walls and excavations

Centrifuge simulation of heave behaviour of deep basement slabs in overconsolidated clay
D.Y.K. Chan & S.P.G. Madabhushi

Soil movement mobilised with retaining wall rotation in loose sand
C. Deng & S.K. Haigh

Lateral pressure of granular mass during translative motion of wall
P. Koudelka

Deflection and failure of self-standing high stiffness steel pipe sheet pile walls embedded in soft rocks
V. Kunasegarm, S. Seki & J. Takemura

A new approach to modelling excavations in soft soils
J.P. Panchal, A.M. McNamara & S.E. Stallebrass

1g-modelling of limit load increase due to shear band enhancement
K.-F. Seitz & J. Grabe

Concave segmental retaining walls
D. Stathas, L. Xu, J.P.Wang, H.I. Ling & L. Li

A combined study of centrifuge and full scale models on detection of threat of failure in trench excavations
S. Tamate &T. Hori

Dynamic behaviour on pile foundation combined with soil-cement mixing walls using permanent pile
K.Watanabe, M. Arakawa & M. Mizumoto

Centrifuge modelling of 200,000 tonnage sheet-pile bulkheads with relief platform
G.M. Xu, G.F. Ren, X.W. Gu & Z.Y. Cai