Dispersal Ecology and Evolution

Now that so many ecosystems face rapid and major environmental change, the ability of species to respond to these changes by dispersing or moving between different patches of habitat can be crucial to ensuring their survival. Understanding dispersal has become key to understanding how populations may persist. Dispersal Ecology and Evolution provides a timely and wide-ranging overview of the fast expanding field of dispersal ecology, incorporating the very latest research. The causes, mechanisms, and consequences of dispersal at the individual, population, species, and community levels are considered. Perspectives and insights are offered from the fields of evolution, behavioural ecology, conservation biology, and genetics. Throughout the book theoretical approaches are combined with empirical data, and care has been taken to include examples from as wide a range of species as possible - both plant and animal.

Preface. Glossary. Box 1. The common Lizard (Zootoca vivipara, anciently Lacerta vivipara). Box 2: Spiders as a model in dispersal ecology and evolution. Box 3. Spatial structure and dynamics in the Glanville fritillary (Melitaea cinxia) metapopulation. Box 4. Heterocapy in Crepis sancta (Asteraceae) as a model system to study dispersal. PART 1. THE MULTIPLE CAUSES OF THE DISPERSAL PROCESS. 1. Multicausality of dispersal. 2. The multicausal nature of dispersal. 3. Multi-determinism in natal dispersal: the common lizard as a model system. 4. Dispersal in invertebrates: influences on individual decisions. 5. Integrating context- and stage-dependent effects in studies of frugivorous seed dispersal: an example from south-east Kenya. PART 2. THE GENETICS OF DISPERSAL. 6. Quantitative, physiological, and molecular genetics of dispersal/migration. 7. Evolution of genetically integrated strategies. 8. Dispersal genetics: emerging insights from fruitflies, butterfies, and beyond. 9. Genetics of plant dispersal. PART 3. THE ASSOCIATION OF DISPERSAL WITH OTHER LIFE HISTORY TRAITS. 10. Dispersal syndromes. 11. Evolution of condition-dependent dispersal. 12. Dispersal syndromes in the common lizard: personality traits, information use and context-dependent dispersal decisions. 13. Dispersal syndromes in butterflies and spiders. 14. Plant dispersal phenotypes: a seed perspective of maternal habitat selection. PART 5. DISTRIBUTION OF DISPERSAL DISTANCES: DISPERSAL KERNELS. 15. Dispersal kernels: review. 16. Evolution and emergence of dispersal kernels - a brief theoretical evaluation. 17. Quantifying individual differences in dispersal using net squared displacement. 18. Temporal variation in dispersal kernels in a metapopulation of the bog fritillary butterfly (Boloria eunomia). 19. How random is dispersal? From stochasticity to process in the description of seed movement. PART 5. DISPERSAL AND POPULATION SPATIAL DYNAMICS. 20. Linking dispersal to spatial dynamics. 21. Demographic consequences of the selective forces controlling density-dependent dispersal. 22. Landscape effects on spatial dynamics: the natterjack toad as a case study. 23. Dispersal and eco-evolutionary dynamics in the Glanville fritillary butterfly. 24. Urban metapopulation dynamics and evolution of dispersal traits in the weed Crepis sancta. PART 6. DISPERSAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE. 25. Dispersal and range dynamics in changing climates: a review. 26. Dispersal and climate change: a review of theory. 27. Influence of temperature on dispersal in two bird species. 28. Dispersal under global change - the case of the Pine processionary moth and other insects. 29. Plant dispersal and the velocity of climate change. PART 7. DISPERSAL AND HABITAT FRAGMENTATION. 30. Evolutionary ecology of dispersal in fragmented landscape. 31. Modelling the effects of habitat fragmentation. 32. High connectivity despite high fragmentation: iterated dispersal in a vertebrate metapopulation. 33. Dispersal and habitat fragmentation in invertebrates - examples from widespread and localized butterflies. 34. Gene flow allows persistence of a perennial forest herb in a dynamic landscape. CONCLUSION. 35. Human dispersal: research tools, evidence, mechanisms. Index.

Jean Clobert is Research Director at the CNRS and is currently heading the "Station d'Ecologie Exéprimentale du CNRS à Moulis". He is also director of the Infrastructure ANAEE-S grouping all experimental research stations of the CNRS and INRA in France. Having published more than 250 regular papers in peer-reviewed journals and book chapters, he has been elected in the Academia Europaea in 2011. Michel Baguette is particularly interested by the role of dispersal in metapopulations and metacommunities. His objective is to seek how individual variability in dispersal moulds metapopulations and metacommunities and drives their dynamics and evolution, and what this means for biological diversity. His current research projects focus on (1) the genomic of dispersal phenotypic variation, and its consequences on metapopulation dynamics using artificial selection and experiments in mesocosms, and (2) the modelling of dispersal in fragmented landscapes. Tim Benton is a population ecologist with a particular interest in the mechanism by which environmental change impacts on population dynamics by affecting organisms' life histories. Much of his work has been conducted using a laboratory model organism, coupled with theoretical approaches. However, he has also applied his ideas to understanding biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. In addition to research, he has been head of department and Research Dean. He is currently working across the UK government, coordinating research on food and farming as "Champion" for the UK's Global Food Security programme. James Bullock is an applied ecologist. In his work he aims to use a fundamental understanding of the spatial ecology of populations and communities - especially of plants - to inform biodiversity conservation and environmental sustainability. He has particular interests in ecosystem services, ecological restoration and climate change. James works at the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, which is the UK's Centre of Excelle