Substrate-Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for Next-Generation Communication and Radar Systems IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory Series

Substrate-Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for Next-Generation Communication and Radar Systems

The first and only comprehensive text on substrate-integrated mmW antenna technology, state-of-the-art antenna design, and emerging wireless applications

Substrate-Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for Next-Generation Communication and Radar Systems elaborates the most important topics related to revolutionary millimeter-wave (mmW) technology. Following a clear description of fundamental concepts including substrate-­integrated waveguides and loss analysis, the text treats key design methods, prototyping techniques, and experimental setup and testing. The authors also highlight applications of mmW antennas in 5G wireless communication and next-generation radar systems. Readers are prepared to put techniques into practice through practical discussions of how to set up testing for impedance matching, radiation patterns, gain from 24GHz up to 325 GHz, and more.

This book will bring readers state-of-the-art designs and recent progress in substrate-integrated mmW antennas for emerging wireless applications. Substrate-Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for Next-Generation Communication and Radar Systems is the first comprehensive text on the topic, allowing readers to quickly master mmW technology. This book:

• Introduces basic concepts such as metamaterials Huygens's surface, zero-index structures, and pattern synthesis
• Describes prototyping in the form of fabrication based on printed-circuit-board, low-temperature-co-fired-ceramic and micromachining
• Explores applications for next-generation radar and imaging systems such as 24-GHz and 77-GHz vehicular radar systems
• Elaborates design methods including waveguide-based feeding network, three-dimensional feeding structure, dielectric loaded aperture antenna element, and low-sidelobe synthesis

The mmW is one of today?s most important emerging technologies. This book provides graduate students, researchers, and engineers with the knowledge they need to deploy mmW systems and develop new antenna designs with low cost, low loss, and low complexity.

Editor biographies – to follow

Contributors

Preface to follow

Chapter 1 Introduction to Millimeter Wave Antennas

1.1 Millimeter Waves

1.2 Propagation of Millimeter Waves

1.3 Millimeter Wave Technology

 1.3.1 Important Features

 1.3.2 Major Modern Applications

1.4 Unique Challenges of Millimeter Wave Antennas

1.5 Briefing of State-of-the-Art Millimeter Wave Antennas

1.6 Implementation Considerations of Substrate Integrated Millimeter Wave Antennas

  1.6.1 Fabrication Processes and Materials of the Antennas

  1.6.2 Commonly Used Transmission Line Systems for Antennas

1.7 Note on Losses in Microstrip-lines and Substrate Integrated Waveguides

1.8 Update of Millimeter Wave Technology in 5G and Beyond

1.9 Summary

References

Chapter 2 Measurement Methods and Setups of Antennas at 60-325-GHz Bands

2.1 Introduction

 2.1.1 Far-field Antenna Measurement Setup

 2.1.2 Near-field Antenna Measurement Setup

2.2 Sate-of-the-art mmW Measurement Systems

 2.2.1 Commercially Available mmW Measurement Systems

 2.2.2 Customized mmW Measurement Systems

2.3 Considerations for Measurement Setup Configuration

 2.3.1 Near-field versus Compact Range

 2.3.2 RF System

 2.3.3 Interface Between the RF Instrument and AUT

 2.3.4 On-Wafer Antenna Measurement

2.4 mmW Measurement Setup Examples

 2.4.1 60-GHz Antenna Measurement Setup

 2.4.2 140-GHz Antenna Measurement Setup

 2.4.3 270-GHz Antenna Measurement Setup

2.5 Summary

References

Chapter 3 Substrate Integrated mmW Antennas in LTCC

3.1 Introduction

 3.1.1 Unique Design Challenges and Promising Solutions

 3.1.2 SIW Slot Antennas and Arrays in LTCC

3.2 High-gain mmW SIW Slot Antenna Arrays in LTCC

 3.2.1 SIW Three-Dimensional Corporate Feed

 3.2.2 Substrate Integrated Cavity Antenna Array at 60 GHz

 3.2.3 Simplified Designs and High-order-mode Antenna Array at 140 GHz

 3.2.4 Fully Substrate Integrated Antennas at 270 GHz

3.3 Summary

References

Chapter 4 Broadband Metamaterial-Mushroom Antenna Array at 60-GHz Bands

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Broadband Low-Profile CRLH-Mushroom Antenna

 4.2.1 Working Principle

 4.2.2 Impedance Matching

4.3 Broadband LTCC Metamaterial-Mushroom Antenna Array at 60 GHz

 4.3.1 SIW Fed CRLH-Mushroom Antenna Element

 4.3.2 Self-Decoupling Functionality

 4.3.3 Self-Decoupled Metamaterial-Mushroom Subarray

 4.3.4 Metamaterial-Mushroom Antenna Array

4.4 Summary

References

Chapter 5 Narrow-Wall-Fed Substrate Integrated Cavity Antenna at 60 GHz

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Broadband Techniques for Substrate Integrated Antennas

 5.2.1 Enhancement of Impedance Matching for SIW Antennas

 5.2.2 Multi-Mode Substrate Integrated Cavity Antennas

 5.2.3 Substrate Integrated Cavity Backed Slot Antenna

 5.2.4 Patch Loaded Substrate Integrated Cavity Antenna

 5.2.5 Travelling-wave Elements Loaded Substrate Integrated Cavity Antenna

5.3 SIW Narrow Wall Fed SIC Antennas at Ka- and V-bands

 5.3.1 SIW Narrow Wall Fed SIC Antenna

 5.3.2 SIW Narrow Wall Fed SIC Antenna Array at 35 GHz

 5.3.3 60-GHz SIW Narrow Wall Fed SIC Antenna Array

5.4 Summary

References

CHAPTER 6 Cavity-Backed SIW Slot Antennas at 60 GHz

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Operating Principle of the Cavity-backed Antenna

 6.2.1 Configuration

 6.2.2 Analysis of the Backing-cavity

6.2.3 Design of the Backing-cavity

6.3 Cavity-backed SIW Slot Antenna

 6.3.1 Feeding techniques

 6.3.2 The SIW Backing-cavity

 6.3.3 Radiating Slot

6.4 Types of SIW CBSAs

 6.4.1 Wideband CBSAs

 6.4.2 Dual-band CBSAs

 6.4.3 Dual-polarized and Circularly Polarized CBSAs

 6.4.4 Miniaturized CBSAs

6.5 CBSA Design Examples at 60 GHz

 6.5.1 SIW CBSA with Different Slot WLR

 6.5.2 Array Examples with Different WLRs of Slot

 6.6 Summary

References

Chapter 7 Circularly Polarized SIW Slot LTCC Antennas at 60 GHz

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Key Techniques of mmW CP Antenna Array

 7.2.1 Antenna Element Selection

 7.2.2 AR Bandwidth Enhancement Methods

7.3 Wideband CP LTCC SIW Antenna Array at 60 GHz

 7.3.1 Wideband AR Element

 7.3.2 Isolation Consideration

 7.3.3 Experiment Results and Discussion

 7.4 Summary

References

Chapter 8 Gain Enhancement of LTCC Microstrip Patch Antenna by Suppressing Surface Waves

8.1 Introduction

 8.1.1 Surface waves in microstrip patch antennas

 8.1.2 Surface waves effects on microstrip patch antenna

8.2 State-of-The-Art Methods for Suppressing Surface Waves in Microstrip Patch Antennas

8.3 Microstrip Patch Antennas with Partial Substrate Removal

 8.3.1 Technique of partial substrate removal

 8.3.2 60-GHz LTCC antenna with partial substrate removal

8.4 Summary

References

Chapter 9 Substrate Integrated Antennas for Millimeter Wave Automotive Radars

9.1 Introduction

 9.1.1 Automotive Radar Classification

 9.1.2 Frequency Bands for Automotive Radars

 9.1.3 Comparison of 24-GHz and 77-GHz Bands

 9.1.4 Antenna System Considerations for Automotive Radar Sensors

 9.1.5 Fabrication and Packaging Considerations

9.2 Sate-of-the-Art Antennas for 24-GHz and 77-GHz Automotive Radars

 9.2.1 Selected state-of-the-Art Antennas for 24-GHz Automotive Radars

 9.2.2 Selected state-of-the-Art Antennas for 77-GHz Automotive Radars

9.3 Single-layer SIW Slot Antenna Array for 24-Ghz Automotive Radars

 9.3.1 Antenna Configuration

 9.3.2 Slot Array Design

 9.3.3 Feeding Network Design

 9.3.4 Experiment Results

9.4 Transmit-array Antenna for 77-Ghz Automotive Radars

 9.4.1 Unit Cell

 9.4.2 Four-beam Transmit-array

 9.4.3 Results

9.5 Summary

References

Chapter 10 Sidelobe Reduction of Substrate Integrated Antenna Arrays at Ka-Band

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Feeding Networks for Substrate Integrated Antenna Array

 10.2.1 Series Feeding Network

 10.2.2 Parallel/Corporate Feeding Network

 10.2.3 Flat Lens/Reflector-Based Quasi-Optics Feeding Network

 10.2.4 Power Dividers

10.3 SIW Antenna Arrays with Sidelobe Reduction at Ka-Band

 10.3.1 Double-layer 8×8 SIW Slot Array

 10.3.2 16×16 Monopulse SIW Slot Array

10.4 Summary

References

Chapter 11 Substrate Edge Antennas

11.1 Introduction

11.2 State-of-the-Art

 11.2.1 End-fire SEAs

 11.2.2 Leaky-wave SEAs

11.3 Tapered Strips for Wideband Impedance Matching

 11.3.1 Tapered Triangular Strips

 11.3.2 Tapered Rectangular Strips

11.4 Embedded Planar Lens for Gain Enhancement

  11.4.1 Embedded Metallic Lens

  11.4.2Embedded Gap Lens

11.5 Prism Lens for Broadband Fixed-Beam Leaky-wave SEAs

11.6 Summary

Zhi Ning Chen currently is the Professor of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, and the Founder of the Advanced Research and Technology Innovation Center. Dr Chen received the B.Eng., M.Eng., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Institute of Communications Engineering, China, and the second Ph.D. degree from the University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan. Dr Chen is the Fellow of IEEE (2007) and the Fellow of Academy of Engineering of Singapore (2019).

Xianming Qing is currently with Institute for Infocomm Research (I²R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, and holding the position of senior scientist. Dr Qing received the B.Eng. from University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P. R. China, in 1985 and Ph.D. from Chiba University, Japan, in 2010. Dr. Qing is the Fellow of IEEE (2019).