Military Trials of War Criminals in the Netherlands East Indies 1946-1949

From 1946 to 1949, the Dutch prosecuted more than 1000 Japanese soldiers and civilians for war crimes committed during the occupation of the Netherlands East Indies during World War II. They also prosecuted a small number of Dutch citizens for collaborating with their Japanese occupiers. The war crimes committed by the Japanese against military personnel and civilians in the East Indies were horrific, and included mass murder, murder, torture, mistreatment of prisoners of war, and enforced prostitution. Beginning in 1946, the Dutch convened military tribunals in various locations in the East Indies to hear the evidence of these atrocities and imposed sentences ranging from months and years to death; some 25 percent of those convicted were executed for their crimes. The difficulty arising out of gathering evidence and conducting the trials was exacerbated by the on-going guerrilla war between Dutch authorities and Indonesian revolutionaries and in fact the trials ended abruptly in 1949 when 300 years of Dutch colonial rule ended and Indonesia gained its independence. Until the author began examining and analysing the records of trial from these cases, no English language scholar had published a comprehensive study of these war crimes trials. While the author looks at the war crimes prosecutions of the Japanese in detail this book also breaks new ground in exploring the prosecutions of Dutch citizens alleged to have collaborated with their Japanese occupiers. Anyone with a general interest in World War II and the war in the Pacific, or a specific interest in war crimes and international law, will be interested in this book.

Fred L. Borch is the Regimental Historian and Archivist for the Army's Judge Advocate General's Corps. He served 25 years as an Army lawyer before retiring from active duty and assuming his current position as a military legal historian. Having served as the first Chief Prosecutor for the Guantanamo Bay military commissions (from 2003-2004), he has special interest in the history of war crimes. Mr. Borch is the author of a number of books and hundreds of articles on legal and non-legal topics, including "Judge Advocates in Combat: Army Lawyers in Military Operations from Vietnam to Haiti" and "For Military Merit: Recipients of the Purple Heart."