In Defense of Juveniles Sentenced to Life Legal Representation and Juvenile Criminal Justice Routledge Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice and Procedure Series

This book examines how attorneys enable a meaningful opportunity for release for individuals sentenced to life as juveniles. The work provides a detailed overview of how legal representation facilitates opportunities for release for juveniles sentenced to life: ?juvenile lifers?. It contributes to the broader literature on the importance of legal representation in the criminal legal system by investigating the role of an attorney in the parole process. Drawing on interviews with lawyers and qualitative content analyses of attorney participation in parole recordings from one state, the study illustrates how attorney assistance provides an important due process protection in the highly discretionary context of parole. The analysis of attorney representation is situated in the history of how they became prominent in the criminal legal system, and how their assistance has been viewed as vital in the parole process. Prior criminological and legal research relates the impact a lawyer can have by preparing a juvenile lifer candidate to present a suitable narrative for release, one that relates their diminished criminal culpability and rehabilitative efforts to prepare for life beyond prison.

The work will be relevant to students, academics, and policy makers, particularly for state parole boards, public defender agencies, and legislatures. While the analysis is based on the experience of one state, the findings are generalizable to other states and countries that similarly conduct parole board hearings for not just their juvenile populations but also adults.

Acknowledgments

Table of Abbreviations

Table of Cases

Table of Legislation

Introduction: In Defense of Youth

1 The Meaning of a Meaningful Opportunity

The Supreme Court’s View of Juvenile Lifers

Defining a Meaningful Opportunity

How Is Parole a Meaningful Opportunity for Release?

2 The Evolving Right to Legal Representation

The Constitutional Right to Counsel

A Juvenile Defendant’s Right to Counsel

The Right to Counsel in Parole

3 What about Effective Legal Representation for Juvenile Lifers?

Defining Attorney Effectiveness

Attorney Effectiveness in Parole

4 Study Setting, Data, and Methods

Study Location

Data Sources

Analytical Methodology

5 Contextualizing the Role of Counsel in Parole

Protecting Rights

Preparing for Parole

Managing Expectations

Challenging Practices

6 Conclusion—In Defense of Juvenile Sentenced to Life

Due Process and Zealous Advocacy

Creating Meaningful Policies for a Meaningful Opportunity

A Call to Recognize the Defense of Youth

Bibliography

Index

Stuti S. Kokkalera is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, USA.