Victorian Servants, Class, and the Politics of Literacy Routledge Studies in Nineteenth Century Literature Series

In this volume, Fernandez brings the under-examined figure of the Victorian servant out of obscurity in order to tell the story of his or her encounter with literacy, as imagined and represented in nineteenth-century fiction, autobiography, pamphlets and diaries. A vast body of writing is uncovered on the management of servant literacy in Victorian periodicals, advice manuals, cartoons, sermons, books on household management, and pornography, thereby revealing that the domestic sphere was a crucial war zone in the battle over mass literacy. By attending to how fictional and nonfictional texts of the age feature literate servant narrators, she demonstrates how the issue of servant literacy as a cultural phenomenon has profound implications for our understanding of the nexus between class, mass literacy, voice and narrative power in the nineteenth century. The study reads canonical fiction by Mary Wollstonecraft, Emily Bronte, Elizabeth Gaskell, Wilkie Collins, and R.L. Stevenson alongside popular detective fiction by Catherine Crowe, the Diaries of Hannah Cullwick, and best-selling pamphlets of the age, while introducing to Victorian scholarship hitherto little known or unknown servant autobiographies that address life history as an engagement with literacy.

List of Figures Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2 Literary Handmaids: Mary Wollstonecraft’s Maria or The Wrongs of Woman (1798) and Catherine Crowe’s Susan Hopley or The Adventures of a Maid Servant (1841) Chapter 3: Oral Pleasures: Repression and Desire in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights (1847) and Elizabeth Gaskell’s The Old Nurse’s Story (1862) Chapter 4: Obedient Servants of Empire: Narrating Imperial History in William Wilkie Collins’ The Moonstone (1868) Chapter 5: "Master’s Made Away with": Servant Voices and Narrational Politics in R.L. Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde(1886) Chapter 6: The Ventriloquized Servant Chapter 7: In their Own Voice: Servants and Autobiography Conclusion Notes Index