A History of Roman Art (2^nd Ed.)

The new edition of the leading textbook on Roman art, updated with new images and expanded geographic and cultural scope

A History of Roman Art is an expansive survey of the painting, mosaic, sculpture, decorative arts, and architecture of ancient Rome. This acclaimed textbook provides a fully-illustrated narrative history of Roman art that spans a millennium, from the early origins of Rome to the era of Emperor Constantine. Interwoven throughout the text are themes of Rome's cultural inclusiveness and the importance of art in promoting Roman values, helping students understand how diverse cultures contributed to Roman life. Accessible, chronologically-organized chapters provide numerous examples of the arts, their cultural and historical context, descriptions of artistic techniques, and writings by ancient authors?enabling students to develop a rich appreciation of art?s importance in the Roman world.

Now in its second edition, this market-leading textbook features thoroughly revised content throughout. Additional images and excerpts from literary sources are complemented by new historical discussions of metalwork, carved gems, glass, and sarcophagi. This edition features more maps and illustrations, in-depth analysis of iconography, greater emphasis on the types of objects used to decorate the lives of ordinary Romans, expanded coverage of freedmen and women as artists, subjects, and patrons, and much more. A number of works that represent popular art have been added. That is, art in the everyday Roman world, rather than just the large scale works of sculpture and architecture of elite patrons. It also reveals patterns of artistic workshops, trade, and social and economic networks. Additionally, this edition takes into account new approaches in scholarship. This comprehensive textbook:

• Provides a thorough introduction to Roman art history featuring more than 400 high quality images and illustrations
• Includes a full set of pedagogical tools, such as historical timelines, key term definitions, and updated references and further reading suggestions
• Offers ?Scholarly Perspective,? ?A View from the Provinces,? ?More on Myth,? and ?Art and Literature? textboxes in each chapter
• Includes a companion website containing PowerPoint slides and additional instructor resources

A History of Roman Art, Second Edition is an ideal primary or secondary text for courses on Roman art and archaeology, Roman art and architecture, Greek and Roman art, and general Roman civilization, history, and culture.

List of Illustrations xiv

Preface to the Second Edition xxiv

Preface to the First Edition xxv

Note to Students xxvii

Acknowledgments xxix

Walk Through Tour xxx

Timeline xxxii

About the Website xxxvii

1 Introduction To Roman Art History 1

Timeline 1

Cultural Property Controversies 2

Dating Dilemmas in Roman Art History 3

Restoration Issues in Roman Art History 4

The Role of Elites in Public Art and Architecture 4

Italic versus Classical Styles and Forms I: Temples 5

Italic versus Classical Styles and Forms II: Portraiture 7

Female Portraiture and Embedded Values 9

Romans Judging Roman Art: Values and Class 11

Art, Context, and Social Status I: The Tomb of Vestorius Priscus 12

Art, Context, and Social Status II: The Roman House 14

Narrative Moment 16

Suggestions for Further Reading 17

2 Regal Period, 753–509 BCE 18
The Etruscans and the Question of Etruscan Dominance

Timeline 18

Introduction to the World of Early Rome and Italy 19

The Etruscans 21

Etruscan architecture and city planning 21

Etruscan Orientalizing art 23

Etruscan sculpture and portraiture 25

Art in Latium, the Region Around Rome 27

Archaic Rome: City Planning and Architecture 29

Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus 34

Murlo (Poggio Civitate) 36

Etruscan Tomb Paintings 41

Greco‐Italic Archaic Architecture: A Doric Temple at Pompeii 45

Conclusion 46

Suggestions for Further Reading 46

3 The Early Republic, 509–211 BCE 48
The Spread of Roman Power and Forms

Timeline 48

Introduction to Early Roman Republican Art 49

A brief historical survey of the Early Republic 50

Greek wall painting: Tomb of the Diver, Paestum 50

Etruscan tomb painting of the fifth century BCE 52

Etruscan terracotta plaque, Pyrgi 54

Lucanian Tomb Painting, Paestum 56

Etruscan tomb painting of the fourth century BCE 60

Roman tomb painting of the Early Republic 64

Etruscan and Central Italian Bronze Sculpture 67

Terracotta Votive Sculpture 71

Roman Architecture and Urban Planning 73

Ostia: Rome’s first colony and planned community 74

Maritime colonies at Cosa and Paestum, 273 BCE 75

Conclusion 79

Suggestions for Further Reading 79

4 The Later Republic, 211–31 BCE 81
The Origins of a Hellenistic Roman Culture

Timeline 81

Introduction 82

Architecture and Urban Planning 82

Architecture 84

Greek urban planning and sanctuary design 88

Roman Wall Painting in the Late Republic 100

First Style wall painting, 200–80 BCE 100

Second Style wall painting, 80–15 BCE 104

Late Republican Sculpture 116

Conclusion 122

Suggestions for Further Reading 122

5 The Age of Augustus, 31 BCE–14 CE 124
The Art of Empire

Timeline 124

Augustus 125

The Portraits of Augustus 126

Augustus and the City of Rome 130

The Campus Martius 130

Forum Augustum 135

The Palatine Hill 140

Third Style Wall Painting 144

Third Style painting at Oplontis 145

The Emulation of Augustan Art 146

Traditional Italic Style in the Age of Augustus 149

Concrete Architecture 154

Glass and Gems 155

Conclusion 156

Suggestions for Further Reading 157

6 The Julio-Claudians, 14–68 CE 159
The Rise of Roman Dynastic Art

Timeline 159

Introduction 160

Tiberius, 14–37 ce, and Caligula, 37–41 CE 160

Portraiture 161

Dynastic monuments 161

Palace architecture and mythological sculpture 165

Claudius, 41–54 CE 171

Portraiture 171

Dynastic monuments 172

Historical reliefs 174

Architecture 176

Nero, 54–68 CE 177

Portraiture of Nero 178

Portraiture of Julio‐Claudian women 179

Palace architecture 180

Non‐Mythological Wall Painting, Pompeii 185

Public Buildings and Interior Decoration, Pompeii 186

Decorative Metal, Gems, and Glass 190

Conclusion 195

Suggestions for Further Reading 195

7 The Flavians, 69–96 CE 197
Civil War, Disaster, and Response

Timeline 197

Civil War of 68–69 CE 198

Vespasian and Titus, 69–81 CE 199

Portraiture 200

Architecture 200

Pompeii and Herculaneum 205

Herculaneum 206

Pompeii 209

Domitian, 81–96 CE 215

Portraiture 217

Historical reliefs 218

Architecture 226

Decorative Metal and Glass 232

Conclusion 233

Suggestions for Further Reading 233

8 Trajan and Hadrian, 98–138 CE 235
Emperors from the Provinces

Timeline 235

Nerva, 96–98 CE 236

Trajan, 98–117 ce, and Hadrian, 117–138 CE 237

Portraiture of Trajan and Hadrian 238

Portraiture of empresses 239

Architecture 239

Sculpture 249

Historical reliefs 249

Funerary sculpture 262

Mythological sculpture 263

Mosaics 266

Lamps 270

Conclusion 271

Suggestions for Further Reading 271

9 Antonine Emperors, 138–192 CE 272
From an Empire of Gold to One of Rust

Timeline 272

Introduction 273

Antonine Portraiture 274

Portraits of emperors and empresses 274

Non‐imperial portraiture 276

Commodus portraiture 277

Architectural Sculpture 280

Relief sculpture honoring Hadrian and Antoninus Pius 280

Reliefs from victory monuments of Marcus Aurelius 283

Architecture 284

Wall Painting and Mosaics 287

Sarcophagi 292

Mythological sarcophagi 292

Biographical sarcophagi 294

Children’s sarcophagi 297

Fayum Mummy Portraits 297

Carved Gems 301

Conclusion 301

Suggestions for Further Reading 301

10 Civil War and Severan Dynasty, 193–235 CE 303
Calm before the Storm

Timeline 303

Introduction 304

Trends and Developments in Severan Art 304

Portraiture 305

Portraiture of Julia Domna 306

Baths of Caracalla: Architecture and Sculpture in Rome 309

Historical Reliefs 314

Mosaic Art under the Severans 317

Sarcophagi 319

Forma Urbis Romae 322

Roman Temples at Baalbek 325

Severan Building Program at Lepcis Magna 330

Gems 333

Terracotta 334

Conclusion 334

Suggestions for Further Reading 335

11 The Third Century and The Tetrarchy, 235–306 CE 336
Crisis and Renewal

Timeline 336

Third‐Century Emperors and the Tetrarchy 337

Philip the Arab, 244–249 CE 337

Decius, 249–251 CE 337

Valerian, 253–260 CE 340

Aurelian, 270–275 CE 340

Diocletian, 284–305 CE 341

The Tetrarchy 343

Coin Portraits of the Third Century CE 344

Historical Reliefs 346

Decennalia Monument, Forum Romanum, Rome, 303 CE 347

Arch of Galerius, Thessalonica, 303 CE 348

Sarcophagi 350

Imperial Architecture 355

Baths of Diocletian 355

Architecture and mosaics: Villa at Piazza Armerina, Sicily 357

Mosaics from the City of Antioch‐on‐the‐Orontes in the Roman East 361

Glass and Gems 365

Conclusion 369

Suggestions for Further Reading 369

12 Constantine, 306–337 CE 371
Christian Empire and the Decline of the West

Timeline 371

Constantine, the First Christian Emperor 372

Portraiture 373

Architecture at Trier: Building a Provincial Capital 374

Architecture and Sculpture at Rome: Augmenting the Imperial Capital and Creating a Dynasty 377

Basilica Nova 377

Arch of Constantine 378

Constantinian church and tomb architecture in Rome 383

Silver Vessels in the Fourth Century CE 387

Mosaics 390

Conclusion 393

Epilogue: The Fall of Rome and the Rise of New Romes 394

Suggestions for Further Reading 399

Glossary 400

Guide to Further Reading 403

Index 406

STEVEN L. TUCK is Professor of History and Classics at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. He is the author of numerous articles and book chapters on Roman art, particularly Roman sculpture. He has published research on Latin epigraphy, spectacle entertainments in the Roman world, and the survivors of the Vesuvius eruption of AD 79. He has written and recorded five courses on the ancient world for The Great Courses, and has received 9 awards for undergraduate teaching, including the E. Phillips Knox Teaching Award and the Archaeological Institute of America Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching Award.