Chapter 1. Introduction.
Chapter 2. Binding to simple substrates with one binding site.
2.1. Acid- base reactions. A simple example of proton binding
2.1.1. The average relative number of bound protons and the degree of protonation
2.1.2. The average relative number of dissociated protons and the degree of dissociation
2.2.Complexation. A simple example of complexation without competitive binding
2.3. Adsorption. Simple adsorption equilibrium
2.4. Electron binding. A simple case of redox reactions
2.5. The general binding process and the binding driving force
2.6. About the fulfillment of the Langmuir equation for different processes
References
Chapter 3. One substrate with two different binding sites. Competitive binding. Two different binding species. Two different binding substrates.
3.1. Introduction
3.2. One substrate with two different binding sites
3.3. Two different binding species on the same substrate
3.3.1. Competitive adsorption
3.3.2. Competitive binding between protonation and complexation.
3.4. Electron binding to two redox couples
3.5. Two different binding sites. A simple example of proton binding in ampholytes
3.6. Formation of Zwitterions
References
Chapter 4. Titration of simple substrates
4 1. Introduction
4.2. Simple examples
4.2.1. Titration of a strong monoprotic acid
4.2.2. Titration of a weak polyprotic acid
4.3. About the additivity of titration curves
4.4. Titration of an arbitrary mixture of acids with an arbitrary mixture of basis
4.5. A simple example of titration with complex formation
4.6. Titration of a simple ampholyte
4.7. Redox titrations
4.8. Electron titration
4.9. Titration of zwitterions
4.9.1. The neutral form alone
4.9.2. The zwitterionic form alone
4.9.3. The two forms in equilibrium
References
Chapter 5. Continuous Distribution Functions. Cumulative and Density Distribution Functions. Known Examples
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Continuous Distribution Functions Cumulative and density probability distribution functions
5.2.1. Uniform density function
5.2.2. Dirac delta distribution
5.2.3. Gaussian function
5.2.4. Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution function in a gas
5.3. The relation between binding problems and distribution functions
References
Chapter 6. Elements of adsorption on heterogeneous substrates
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Adsorption on Heterogeneous substrates. The distribution function for the adsorption energy
6.3. Theoretical Binding isotherms in the presence of interaction between the bound species.
6.4. Statistical deduction of the Langmuir Isotherm
6.5. The Ising model
6.6. The mean field approximation or Bragg-Williams approximation
References
Chapter 7. Theoretical bases for the interpretation of the titration curves of macromolecules
7.1. Introduction
7.2. The state of macromolecules
7.3. Some physical properties of polymers
7.3.1. Deformation term of a single macromolecule
7.4. The state of macromolecules in solution
7.5. Polyelectrolytes in solution
7.5.1. The end to end distance
7.6. Interactions of polyelectrolytes with other species present in the solution
7.7. Electrostatic interactions
7.7.1. Electrostatic interaction for charges spheres
7.7.2. Electrostatic interactions for charged cylinders
7.8. The interaction of polymers with the solvent. Flory- Huggins theory of polymers in solution
7.9. Swelling of polymer (non polyelectrolytic) gels
7.10. The swelling equilibrium of polyelectrolyte gels
7.11. Electrostatic interactions in polyelectrolyte gels
7.12. Deformation and electrostatic interactions and binding equilibria in single dissolved macromolecules
7.13. The equation for the pH change during the course of a proton TC
References
Chapter 8. Acid- base equilibria at complex substrates. Polyacids and Polybases
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Polyacids. Average number of bound protons
8.2.1. Average number of dissociated protons
8.3. Polybases.
8.4. Complexation and Competitive binding in multi- ligand complexes
8.4.1. Ligands without hydrolysis
8.4.2. Ligands undergoing hydrolysis. Generalization of competitive binding
Chapter 9. Acid base Titration of complex substrates.
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Titration of polyacids and polybases
9.2.1. Titration of Polyacids: Polymethacrylic acid
9.2.2. Titration of Polybases: Polyvynilamine
References
Chapter 10. The Acid Base Behaviour of Polyampholytes. The Case of Colloidal Oxides
10.1. Introduction
10.2. The binding polynomial for a colloidal oxide
10.3. Titration of colloidal oxides
10.4. Summary of models on the oxide solution interface
10.5. Analysis of some experimental results with the constant capacity model
References
Chapter 11. Titration of polyampholytes. Polyzwitterions and other examples
11.1. Titration of polyampholytes
11.2. Titration of Copolymers of PVP and PMA
11.3. A simple model for Zwitterion formation in polyelectrolytes of different composition assuming Ka y Kb independent of and its titration
11.4. Acid base titration of humic acids
11.5. Titration of Proteins: Tanford´s method
11.5.1. Stoichiometry
11.5.2. Theoretical interpretation
References
Chapter 12. Electron titrations of electrochemically active Macromolecules
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Change of volume as a function of the potential
12.3. Change of the binding species concentration in the external solution as a function of the oxidation fraction
12.4. Electron binding to polyaniline
References
Chapter 13. Appendices
13. 1. Appendix 1. Macroconstants and Microconstants
13.1.1. Macroconstants and Microconstants
13.1.2. The Example of Ciprofloxacin
13.2. Appendix 2. Statistical Factors
13.3 Appendix 3. Elements of Statistical Thermodynamics
13.3.1. Introduction
13.3.2. The example of an ideal gas
13.2.3.3. Subsystems
13.4. Apendix 4. The binding polinomial as the partition function of the bound species. ghost- site binding constants
13.5. Appendix 5. The Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm. Two dimensional state equations
13.5.1. The relation of Gibbs- Duhem
13.5.2. The Gibbs adsorption isotherm
13.6. The general binding process and the binding driving force
References
