Who calls the shots? sports and university leadership, culture, and decision making: ashe higher education report ASHE Higher Education Report, Volume 30, Number 5 J–B ASHE Higher Education Report Series (AEHE) Series

The challenge is how to reap educational, social, and economic benefits from sports programs without harming the institution′s academic and moral integrity. This volume explores how relatively independent forces constrain the ability of institutional, athletics, and faculty leaders to limit perceived excesses in the growth of intercollegiate athletics programs on their campuses and nationally. Academic and athletic cultures; historical precedent; external organizations and constituencies; external laws and regulations; and markets for athletics–related materials, entertainment, student–atheletes, and professionals: all bring outside forces to bear on the college culture, leadership, and decision making. This monograph explores how the unintended interactions of these forces constrain campus leadership of intercollegiate athletics and consider the resulting policy and leadership implications. It examines the unique historical role of football and its associated commercialization and culture of masculinity as shaping the foundational structure and regulation of college sports. The monograph concludes with campus leadership strategies and recommendations.

This is Volume 30, Issue 6 of the of the ASHE Higher Education Report series.

Foreword.

Preface and Acknowledgments.

Introduction and Overview.

The Problem in Decision Making Related to Athletics.

Interpretations of the Problems.

Theoretical Context.

Structure of the Monograph.

Significance to Higher Education Study and Practice.

The Athletics System in Higher Education.

Contemporary Governing Organizations.

Historical Context: Men, Women, Football, and University Growth.

Dilemmas and Tensions Revealed by a Structural View.

The Legal and Regulatory Context.

Origins and Impact of Rules.

Title IX: Prohibiting Gender Discrimination in Education.

Summary and Implications.

The Social and Cultural Context.

Gender, Power, Privilege, and Intercollegiate Sports.

The Gendering of Intercollegiate Athletics.

Homophobia and Masculinity.

Race and Intercollegiate Athletics: Opportunity or Exploitation?

Sports and Academic Culture.

Sports and the American Psyche.

Conclusion: Social and Cultural Shaping of Decision Making in Intercollegiate Athletics.

Economics and the Athletics System.

Commercialization of Intercollegiate Athletics and the Entrepreneurial University.

Summarizing the Impact of the Economics of Intercollegiate Athletics.

Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations.

The Athletics System and Intersecting Environmental Forces.

Observations, Themes, and Recommendations.

Conclusion.

References.

Name Index.

Subject Index.

About the Authors.