User-Centered Agile Method

Agile development methods began to emerge around 20 years ago. However, it was not until the early 2000s that they began to be widely used in industry. This growth was often due to the advent of Internet services requiring faster cycles of development in order to heighten the rate at which an ever-greater number of functionalities were made available. In parallel, user-centered design (UCD) methods were also becoming more and more widely used: hence, user-centered design and agile methods were bound to cross paths, at least in the telecoms industry! During this period, in the field of telecommunications, the explosion in the number of connected terminals, Web applications, new use environments (particularly in a domestic setting), etc., meant it was crucial to gain a fuller understanding of users? requirements and better evaluate the relevance and acceptance of services? attempts to cater for these requirements. Thus the user-centered agile method, as proposed in this book, aims to mutually integrate two existing methods: user-centered design ? as used by ergonomists ? and the agile Scrum method ? as used by developers. The user testing method is also covered. Analyzing work on this subject spanning the past 10 years, the authors also provide an assessment of the feedback on the user-centered agile method. The method described in this book has been based on all these sources. It is a framework relying on the logic introduced by Scrum, i.e. a framework based on project management. The method proposed is seen as an extension of Scrum which is ?centered on humans? because of the integration of user-centered design and user-testing. Therefore the description of the user-centered agile method is based on the basics of the agile Scrum method and uses its terminology and elements. As well as descriptive elements of the user-centered agile method, practical examples of how to implement it are also provided.

Contents

1. Introduction.
2. Intrioduction to the Methods Employed.
3. Sources for this Work.
4. Description of The User-Centered Agile Method.
5. Case Studies.

About the Authors

Dominique Deuff worked at the National Institute of Informatics in Japan for 2? years before coming back to France in June 2006 and joining Orange Labs France Telecom as a developer in a Scrum team. In 2008, she graduated with a Master?s degree in ergonomics and has since then been applying her new skills to various projects at Orange Labs Lannion.
Mathilde Cosquer joined Orange Labs as an ergonomist after completing her PhD on the question of transparency of technical devices from the user?s point of view. She has taken part in the design and evaluation of numerous innovating services, but over the past four years, she has been more particularly involved in projects of interpersonal communication services.

FOREWORD vii
Jean-Michel PORTUGAL and Claude DALOZ

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPTER 2. INTRODUCTION TO THE METHODS EMPLOYED 5

2.1. The agile method − Scrum 5

2.1.1. Fundamental elements of agile methods 5

2.1.2. Scrum method 7

2.1.3. Scrum method as a framework for the User-Centered Agile method 12

2.2. User-Centered Design method 14

2.3. User testing method 17

CHAPTER 3. SOURCES FOR THIS WORK 21

3.1. State of the art 21

3.1.1. Existing models 23

3.1.2. Recurring elements between feedback reports 29

3.2. Feedback on application of the first version of the UCA method 36

3.3. Elements retained for the construction of the UCA method 38

CHAPTER 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE USER-CENTERED AGILE METHOD 41

4.1. Roles present 42

4.2. Ceremonies 43

4.3. Artifacts 44

4.4. Progression of the method 48

4.4.1. Phase 1: design of a global view of the product 48

4.4.2. Phase 2: development 58

4.4.3. Phase 3: validation 79

4.5. Implication of the method in terms of workload 80

4.5.1. Phase 1: design of a global view of the product 80

4.5.2. Phase 2: development 81

4.5.3. Phase 3: validation 82

CHAPTER 5. CASE STUDIES 85

5.1. Application of the User-Centered Agile method on the Cat’s Eyes project 85

5.1.1. Overview of the project 85

5.1.2. Actors involved in the project and their roles 87

5.1.3. Description of the progression of the project 88

5.1.4. Feedback relating to the method 93

5.2. Application of the User-Centered Agile method on the Bind project 95

5.2.1. Overview of the project 95

5.2.2. Actors involved in the project and their roles 97

5.2.3. Description of the progression of the project 98

5.2.4. Feedback relating to the method 102

5.3. Balanced evaluation of the case studies 104

CONCLUSION 107

BIBLIOGRAPHY 109

INDEX 115

Dominique Deuff worked at the National Institute of Informatics in Japan for 2? years before coming back to France in June 2006 and joining Orange Labs France Telecom as a developer in a Scrum team. In 2008, she graduated with a Master's degree in ergonomics and has since then been applying her new skills to various projects at Orange Labs Lannion.

Mathilde Cosquer joined Orange Labs as an ergonomist after completing her PhD on the question of transparency of technical devices from the user's point of view. She has taken part in the design and evaluation of numerous innovating services, but over the past four years, she has been more particularly involved in projects of interpersonal communication services.