The TSQL2 Temporal Query Language, 1995 The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science Series, Vol. 330

Temporal databases have been an active research topic for at least fifteen years. During this time, several dozen temporal query languages have been proposed. Many within the temporal database research community perceived that the time had come to consolidate approaches to temporal data models and calculus­ based query languages, to achieve a consensus query language and associated data model upon which future research can be based. While there were many query language proposals, with a diversity of language and modeling constructs, common themes kept resurfacing. However, the community was quite frag­ mented, with each research project being based on a particular and different set of assumptions and approaches. Often these assumptions were not germane to the research per se, but were made simply because the research required a data model or query language with certain characteristics, with the partic­ ular one chosen rather arbitrarily. It would be better in such circumstances for research projects to choose the same language. Unfortunately, no existing language had attracted a following large enough to become the one of choice. In April, 1992 Richard Snodgrass circulated a white paper that proposed that a temporal extension to SQL be produced by the research community. Shortly thereafter, the temporal database community organized the "ARPA/NSF In­ ternational Workshop on an Infrastructure for Temporal Databases," which was held in Arlington, TX, in June, 1993.

I Overview.- 1 Rationale for a Temporal Extension to SQL.- 2 Introduction to TSQL2.- 3 TSQL2 Tutorial.- 4 A Second Example.- II Language Design.- 5 The Baseline Clock.- 6 The Data Model for Time.- 7 Supporting Multiple Calendars.- 8 Temporal Data Types.- 9 The Surrogate Data Type.- 10 The TSQL2 Data Model.- 11 Schema Specification.- 12 The From Clause.- 13 Valid-Time Selection and Projection.- 14 Modification.- 15 Cursors.- 16 Event Tables.- 17 Transaction Time Support.- 18 Temporal Indeterminacy.- 19 Temporal Granularity.- 20 “Now”.- 21 Aggregates.- 22 Schema Versioning.- 23 Vacuuming.- III Implementation Issues.- 24 An Architectural Framework.- 25 A Timestamp Representation.- 26 SQL-92 Compatibility Issues.- 27 An Algebra for TSQL2.- IV Language Specification.- 28 Language Syntax.- 29 Section 5 Lexical Elements.- 30 Section 6 Scalar Expressions.- 31 Section 7 Query Expressions.- 32 Section 8 Predicates.- 33 Section 10 Additional Common Elements.- 34 Section 11 Schema Definition and Manipulation.- 35 Section 12 Module.- 36 Section 13 Data Manipulation.- 37 Section 21 Information Schema and Definition Schema.- 38 Section 22 Status Codes.- References.- Author Index.- Syntax Index.