The Neurosciences: Paths of Discovery, I, 1992

To commemorate properly the 70th birthday of a man who, by his very nature, is too busy to pause for any kind of ceremonial event unless it has a concomitant functional output was a difficult problem for the Staff and Associates of the Neurosciences Research Program. Frank (F. O. S. ) has always dreaded the prospect that sometime it might be appropriate for his colleagues to present him a Fest­ schrift. In fact, "Fest me no Schriften" became his battle cry, expressing his feeling that the idea of testimonials clustered into a book was anathema. So the "break­ through" idea for the planners was to organize a symposium around the theme of discovery in neuroscience that would be valuable scientifically and, in its demon­ stration of interdisciplinary interaction, would support that emphasis in Frank's career. After much planning a program was developed, beginning with a birthday party the evening before, followed by the two-day symposium, and closing with the first F. O. Schmitt Lecture in Neuroscience. We hope that publication of the scientific proceedings in this volume will be of interest not only to the neuroscience community, but also to a broad general readership interested in discovery, under­ standing, and the creative processes in scientific work. An organizing committee, chaired by Fred Worden, collected advice and guidance leading to the selection of speakers whose scientific careers have played an important part in the recent history of modern neuroscience.

1. Introduction and Overview.- The F.O. Schmitt Lecture.- 2. Sources of Discovery in Neuroscience.- Comparative Approaches to the Nervous System.- 3. Behavior to Neurobiology: A Zoologist’s Approach to Nervous Systems.- 4. Molecular Recognition in the Immune and Nervous Systems.- 5. Neural Specificity: Fifty Years of Vagaries.- Nerve Cells and Brain Circuits.- 6. From the Last Skirmishes around the Neuron Theory to the Functional Anatomy of Neuron Networks.- 7. The “Wiring Patterns” of the Brain: Neuroanatomical Experiences and Their Implications for General Views of the Organization of the Brain.- Membrane Excitability and Synaptic Transmission.- 8. Neuromembranes: Paths of Ions.- 9. Under the Spell of the Synapse.- 10. Discoveries of Neurotransmitter Agents and Modulators of Neuronal Functions.- Neurotransmitters and Brain Function.- 11. Biochemical and Pharmacological Approaches in the Study of Sympathetic Nerves.- 12. The Gains in Brain Are Mainly in the Stain.- Adventures with Unexpected Observations.- 13. The Concept of Neurosecretion and Its Place in Neurobiology.- 14. NGF: An Uncharted Route.- 15. The Isolated Brain and Its Aftermath.- Sensory and Motor Systems.- 16. From Nerves to Eyes.- 17. The Importance of Steady-State Equilibria in Small-Celled Reticular Systems.- 18. Crossroads on the Pathways to Discovery.- 19. Half a Century in the Neurosciences: Personal Comments on Choices and Decisions.- Behavior and Brain.- 20. Neuropsychology: Its Sources, Principles, and Prospects.- 21. Physiological Psychology: A Crossroad in Neurobiology.- 22. Mapping the Mind onto the Brain.- The Brain: Neural Object and Conscious Subject.- 23. Philosophy or Physics—Mind or Molecules.- 24. In Search of Psyche.- 25. The Mind and the Brain.- The Neuroscience Community: People and Ideas.- 26. The Minute Experiment and the Large Picture.- 27. Some European Neuroscientists: A Personal Tribute.- The Neuroscience Community: Some Organizational Developments.- 28. The Role of Research Institutes in the Advancement of Neuroscience: Ranson’s Institute of Neurology, 1928–1942.- 29. Forging a Neuroscience Community: A Brief History of the Neurosciences Research Program.- On the Nature of Research in Neuroscience.- 30. Creative Dialogues: Discovery, Invention, and Understanding in Sleep-Wakefulness Research.- 31. On the Nature of Research in Neuroscience.- Name Index.