The Innovation Biosphere Planet and Brains in the Digital Era

This book addresses those involved in research or R&D. It introduces the principles of eco-innovation and the importance of the impact of their activity. This topic is considered in the context of natural and digital ecosystems powered by intelligent assistants (technology). Chapter 1 positions the innovation as a process and component of ecosystems including research, enterprises, technology (digital
ecosystems) and environment. Sustainable success is a condition of survival and an expectation of those who invest in innovation. Chapter 2 describes the main elements to consider and gives some tips. Chapter 3 presents some selected initiatives at the national and European level and provides a way of measuring success.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix

FOREWORD xi

INTRODUCTION xv

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS xxi

CHAPTER 1. INNOVATION LANDSCAPE AND FIELDS 1

1.1. From intensive industrialization to intensive innovation: consequences of global business 1

1.2. Computer sciences, the Internet and mass media 7

1.2.1. Example of applying environmental principles 11

1.2.2. Artificial intelligence 17

1.3. Medicine and biotechnologies 23

1.3.1. Human spare parts and augmented human 25

1.3.2. Ambient assisted living 26

1.3.3. Biotechnology 27

1.4. Nanotechnologies 30

1.4.1. Biological risks of nanoparticles 32

1.5. Agriculture and food industry 33

1.6. Knowledge city, smart city, green city and wise city 38

1.7. Tourism and business travel 41

1.8. Fashion victims 41

1.9. Responsible innovation? 43

1.9.1. What alternative? 45

CHAPTER 2. INNOVATION ECOSYSTEMS  49

2.1. The innovation biosphere 49

2.2. Some definitions 52

2.3. Innovation life  58

2.3.1. Continuous innovation and its context  58

2.3.2. Innovation dynamics 60

2.3.3. Balance: conditions for sustainable success 63

2.3.4. Role of knowledge and skills  70

2.4. Barriers, constraints and paradoxes 74

2.5 Some paradoxes 76

2.6. Measuring benefits78

2.7. Trends and future innovation 79

CHAPTER 3. CHALLENGES AND INNOVATION POLICIES 81

3.1. Challenges for the next decades     81

3.2. Main challenges: global, European and French perspectives 83

3.2.1. Challenges for Europe 85

3.2.2. Unemployment paradoxes and quick fixes 87

3.2.3. Challenge for France 91

3.2.4. Best practices in matching offer and demand 94

3.3. Innovation policy 95

3.3.1. Innovation policies in Europe  100

3.3.2. French innovation policy 113

3.4. Matching policy and challenges     118

CHAPTER 4. EXPERIMENTATIONS AND RESULTS  123

4.1. Ubiquitous or sustainable innovation 123

4.2. Selected actions around the world    124

4.2.1. Open Systems Science: Tokyo and Paris 129

4.2.2. Qatar Foundation 135

4.3. Europe    137

4.3.1. From Living Labs and Enoll to Innovation 2.0 137

4.3.2. Future Centers 144

4.3.3. Green and eco-innovation 150

4.3.4. Social and service innovation  152

4.4. Experiments in France  153

4.4.1. Merging for multidisciplinary (and cost saving) 156

4.5. Results and perspectives 157

CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE SUCCESS 159

5.1. Know, appreciate and protect what we have 159

5.2. Problem solving 161

5.2.1. Motivation  162

5.2.2. Understanding the problem to solve 163

5.2.3. Solutions from the past and alternative solutions 163

5.3. Innovating in harmony with environmental intelligence   164

5.3.1. Minds of plants 165

5.3.2. Copying nature: biomimicry  167

5.4. Conditions for sustainable success    173

5.4.1. Removing the barriers 177

5.4.2. New professions: perspective for jobs  179

CONDITIONS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE 181

BIBLIOGRAPHY 185

INDEX   201

Eunika Mercier-Laurent is researcher associate at IAE Lyon, France.