Taxing Colonial Africa The Political Economy of British Imperialism Oxford Historical Monographs Series

How much did the British Empire cost, and how did Britain pay for it? Taxing Colonial Africa explores a source of funds much neglected in research on the financial structure of the Empire, namely revenue raised in the colonies themselves. Requiring colonies to be financially self-sufficient was one of a range of strategies the British government used to lower the cost of imperial expansion to its own Treasury. Focusing on British colonies in Africa, Leigh Gardner examines how their efforts to balance their budgets influenced their relationships with local political stakeholders as well as the imperial government. She finds that efforts to balance the budget shaped colonial public policy at every level, and that compromises made in the face of financial constraints shaped the political and economic institutions that were established by colonial administrations and inherited by the former colonies at independence. Using both quantitative data on public revenue and expenditure as well as archival records from archives in both the UK and the former colonies, Gardner follows the development of fiscal policies in British Africa from the beginning of colonial rule through the first years of independence. During the formative years of colonial administration, both the structure of taxation and the allocation of public spending reflected the two central goals of colonial rule: maintaining order as cheaply as possible and encouraging export production. Taxing Colonial Africa examines how the fiscal systems established before 1914 coped with the upheavals of subsequent decades, including the two World Wars, the Great Depression, and finally the transfer of power.

Preface. 1. An Introduction to the Problem of Colonial Taxation. Part I: Building A Self-Sufficient Empire in Africa, 1885-1913. 2. Building Colonial States in Africa. 3. Fiscal Foundations of the African Colonial State. Part II: Crisis Management in Colonial Public Finance. 4. From Complement to Conflict: Trade Taxes, 1914-38. 5. Collective Action and Direct Taxation, 1918-1938. 6. The Failure of Africa's 'New Deal'?. Part III: From Self-Sufficiency to Nation-Building. 7. 'Cash, Competence and Consent': Building Local Governments. 8. Fiscal Policy and Regional Integration, 1945-63. 9. Fiscal Consequences of Decolonization. Bibliography.

Leigh Gardner received her doctorate from the University of Oxford. Before joining the London School of Economics and Political Science, she taught at the University of Cape Town and worked as a researcher with the British Museum's 'Money in Africa' project. Her research focuses on the fiscal history of the British Empire, focusing on Africa and the colonial foundations of Africa's economic performance.