Stem Cells, Craniofacial Development and Regeneration

Stem Cells, Craniofacial Development and Regeneration is an introduction to stem cells with an emphasis on their role in craniofacial development. Divided into five sections, chapters build from basic introductory information on the definition and characteristics of stem cells to more indepth explorations of their role in craniofacial development. Section I covers embryonic and adult stem cells with a focus on the craniofacial region, while sections II–IV cover the development and regeneration of craniofacial bone, tooth, temporomandibular joint, salivary glands and muscle. Concluding chapters describe the current, cutting–edge research utilizing stem cells for craniofacial tissue bioengineering to treat lost or damaged tissue. The authoritative resource for dentistry students as well as craniofacial researchers at the graduate and post–graduate level, Stem Cells, Craniofacial Development and Regeneration explores the rapidly expanding field of stem cells and regeneration from the perspective of the dentistry and craniofacial community, and points the way forward in areas of tissue bioengineering and craniofacial stem cell therapies.

Contributors xi Preface xv PART I DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION OF CRANIOFACIAL TISSUES AND ORGANS 1 Molecular Blueprint for Craniofacial Morphogenesis and Development 3 Paul A. Trainor 2 Cranial Neural Crest Cells in Craniofacial Tissues and Organs 31 Carolina Parada and Yang Chai 3 Craniofacial Intramembranous Bone Development and Regeneration 51 David P. Rice and Ritva Rice 4 Temporomandibular Joint Development 71 Shuping Gu and YiPing Chen 5 Craniofacial Muscle Development 87 Robert G. Kelly 6 Tooth Morphogenesis and Renewal 109 Maria Jussila, Emma Juuri, and Irma Thesleff 7 Reptilian Tooth Regeneration 135 Joy M. Richman, John A. Whitlock, and John Abramyan 8 Tooth Root Development 153 Brian L. Foster, Francisco H. Nociti Jr., and Martha J. Somerman 9 Systems Biology of Early Tooth Development 179 Daniel J. O’Connell, Joshua W. K. Ho, and Richard L. Maas PART II STEM CELLS AND THEIR NICHES IN CRANIOFACIAL TISSUES 10 Stem Cells, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Their Differentiation to Specified Lineage Fates 205 George T.–J. Huang, Xiao–Ying Zou, Xing Yan, Kyle J. Hewitt, Yulia Shamis, and Jonathan A. Garlick 11 Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells 223 Songtao Shi and Stan Gronthos 12 Adipose Tissue–Derived Stem Cells and Their Regeneration Potential 241 Jeffrey Gimble, Maryam Rezai Rad, and Shaomian Yao 13 Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells: Their Origin and Niche Factors 259 Johannes W. Von den Hoff and Sander Grefte 14 Stem Cells in Salivary Gland Development and Regeneration 271 Isabelle M. A. Lombaert and Matthew P. Hoffman 15 Stem and Progenitor Cells of Dental and Gingival Tissue Origin 285 Christian Morsczeck, George T.–J. Huang, and Songtao Shi 16 Regulation and Differentiation Potential of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells 303 Lei Wang, Christian Morsczeck, Stan Gronthos, and Songtao Shi 17 An Incisive Look at Stem Cells: The Mouse Incisor as an Emerging Model for Tooth Renewal 315 Frederic Michon, Andrew H. Jheon, Kerstin Seidel, and Ophir D. Klein 18 Mesenchymal Stem Cell Niches in Rodent Tooth Pulp 329 Jifan Feng and Paul T. Sharpe PART III STEM CELL–MEDIATED CRANIOFACIAL TISSUE BIOENGINEERING 19 Bone Bioengineering: Scaffolds, Growth Factors, and Stem Cells 341 Christopher S. D. Lee, Christopher D. Hermann, Rolando Gittens, Rene Olivares–Navarrete, Zvi Schwartz, and Barbara D. Boyan 20 Craniofacial Tissue Bioengineering and Regeneration by Endogenous Stem Cells 367 Nan Jiang, Mo Chen, Chang Hun Lee, Jian Zhou, Mildred C. Embree, Kimi Kong, Choko Cho, Avital Mendelson, Ying Zheng, Hemin Nie, and Jeremy J. Mao 21 Stem Cell–Based Bioengineering of Craniofacial Bone 379 David D. Lo, Daniel T. Montoro, Monica Grova, Jeong S. Hyun, Michael T. Chung, Derrick C. Wan, and Michael T. Longaker 22 Muscle Tissue Engineering Approaches 395 Johannes W. Von den Hoff and Sander Grefte 23 Engineering of Dental Tissues: Scaffolds and Preclinical Models 409 Na Yu, Adelina Plachokova, Fang Yang, X. Frank Walboomers, and John A. Jansen 24 Whole–Tooth Engineering and Cell Sources 431 L. Keller, S. Kuchler–Bopp, and Herv´e Lesot 25 Bioengineering of Functional Teeth 447 Takashi Tsuji 26 Pulp and Dentin Regeneration 461 Misako Nakashima and George T.–J. Huang 27 Bioengineering of Roots and Periodontal Tissues 485 Songlin Wang, Gang Ding, Fulan Wei, and Yi Liu 28 Periodontal Bioengineering Strategies: The Present Status and Some Developing Trends 501 Fa–Ming Chen and Yan Jin Index 525