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Pulsars, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1981 International Astronomical Union Transactions Series

Langue : Anglais

Auteurs :

Couverture de l’ouvrage Pulsars
More than a decade has passed since pulsars were discovered at Cambridge by J. Bell and A. Hewish. The past 13 years have seen ex­ tensive and at first rather hectic research, and a considerable amount of observational and theoretical knowledge has been accumulated. Looking back over one decade of pulsar research, it seems worth­ while to ask what the real impact of the detection was and if our view of the universe has changed as a result of this discovery. The excite­ ment of the first months and years has ebbed down considerably, with the result that pulsar research has become the task of a few scientists, working in small groups, scattered over many countries. As more and more knowledge was acquired, pulsars changed eventually from the bizarre pUlsing objects -- as they were considered in the beginning -- to more normal stars of astrophysical interest. Still, pulsars are the manifestation of matter in its most extreme form -- neutron star matter -- for which an equivalent can be found on earth only in the very nucleus of an atom. Neutron stars were predicted quite early in the history of modern astrophysics, and although many of their features were already known from theoretical studies, astro­ physicists were not sure if we had the slightest chance to actually "see" these objects. It therefore took some time after the historical detection paper of Hewish and coworkers before astronomers became con­ vinced that pulsars were neutron stars.
Introductory Review.- Introductory Review.- I. Electrodynamics of the Pulsar Magnetosphere and Wave Zone.- Structure of the Pulsar Magnetosphere.- The Axially Symmetric Wind Magnetosphere.- A New Formulation of the Equations Governing the Pulsar Magnetosphere.- The Electric Fields in Nonneutral Beam Models of Pulsar Magnetospheres.- Pulsar Electrodynamics.- e+e- Annihilation in Strong Magnetic Fields.- Plasma Distribution Near Pulsars.- Electric Field Near a Rotating Neutron Star.- Hot Relativistic Winds and the Crab Nebula.- Propagation of Large Amplitude Pulsar Waves.- Pulsar Winds.- II. Radio Emission Mechanism.- The Slot Gap Model of Pulsars.- Evolution and Radiation in Pulsar Polar Cap Models.- Observational Consequences of Polar Cap Theories.- The Pulsar Magnetic Window.- The Location, Spectrum and Beamwidth of Pulsar Radiation from Polar Cap Models.- Pulsar Radio Emission and Bunching Mechanisms.- Radio Observational Constraints on Pulsar Emission Mechanisms.- Maser Pulse Emission Mechanisms.- Pulse Emission from the Light Cylinder.- Pulsar Electrodynamics: Production of Fast Particles.- Panel Discussion:.- From whence the Pulses.- III. Radio Observations of Pulsars.- Pulsar Polarization.- Multifrequency Polarization Observations of Integrated Pulse Profiles.- Polar Cap Relief and Integrated Pulse Structure.- Multi Radio Frequency Observations of Pulsars.- Simultaneous Multi-Frequency Pulsar Observations.- Microstructure Crosscorrelation in Pulses Simultaneously Observed at Frequencies Separated by up to 1 GHz.- Time Asymmetries in Pulsar Signals.- Pulsar Microstructure Quasi-Periodicity.- Pulsar Astrometry.- The Radio Interpulse from PSR 0950+08.- PSR 0031-07: The Harmonic Pulsar.- Mode-Changing, Drifting Subpulses, and Interpulse Emission in PSR 1822-09.- Some Characteristics of Pulsars with Long Pulse Nulling.- Radio Radiation Characteristics of Pulsars and Magnetic Dipole Angle.- IV. Optical Radiation.- Optical Observations of Pulsars.- Pulsar Optical Emission as Amplified Synchrotron Emission.- V. X-Ray and ?-Ray Emission.- X-ray and Gamma-ray Observations of Pulsars.- High Energy Gamma Rays from Pulsars.- On X-ray Pulsar Radiation Mechanisms.- Pulsar Magnetic Field: Spectral Formation in Her X-1.- VI. Pulse Timing.- Radio Timing Observations.- Macroscopic and Microscopic Behavior Following Four Large Jumps in the Vela Pulsar (PSR 0833-45).- Pulse Timing and Neutron Star Structure.- Glitches, Timing Noise, and Pulsar Thermometry.- Pulsar Glitches: Superfluid Unpinning.- VII. Properties of Neutron Stars.- Neutron Star Properties from Observations of Pulsars and Pulsing X-ray Sources.- Neutron Star Models.- Thermal Properties of Neutron Stars.- Cooling of Neutron Stars: Accurate Treatment of Thermal Conduction.- Unpulsed X-rays from Pulsars.- VIII. Neutron Stars in Binary Systems.- Masses of Neutron Stars in X-ray Binary Systems.- The Magnetic Fields and Original Spins of Binary and Runaway Pulsars.- Binary Pulsars.- Interpretation of Binary Pulsar Observations.- Evolution of Close Binaries and the Formation of Pulsars.- IX. Pulsars and Supernovae.- Asymmetric Supernova Explosions: The Origin of Runaway Pulsars and Binary Pulsars.- Supernovae — Birthplace of Pulsars?.- Pulsar Activity and Supernova Remnant Morphology.- X. Galactic Distribution of Pulsars.- The Galactic Distribution of Pulsars.- Galactic Distribution and Genesis of Pulsars.- Asymmetries in the Galactic Distribution of Pulsars.- New Observations of HI Absorption for Pulsars.- Concluding Review.- Concluding Review.- Other Papers Presented at the Conference.- Name Index.

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