Physics With Illustrative Examples From Medicine and Biology (2^nd Ed., Softcover reprint of the original 2nd ed. 2000) Electricity and Magnetism Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering Series

The field of biological physics is a broad, multidisciplinary, and dynamic one, touching on many areas of research in physics, biology, chemistry and medicine. New findings are published in a large number of publications within these disci­ plines, making it difficult for students and scientists working in biological physics to keep up with advances occurring in disciplines other than their own. The Bi­ ological Physics Series is intended therefore to be a comprehensive one covering a broad range of topics important to the study of biological physics. Its goal is to provide scientists and engineers with text books, monographs and reference books to address the growing need for information. Books in the Biological Physics Series will emphasize frontier areas of science including molecular, membrane, and mathematical biophysics; photosynthetic en­ ergy harvesting and conversion; information processing; physical principles of ge­ netics; sensory communications; automata networks, neural networks, and cellu­ lar automata. Equally important will be coverage of current and potential applied aspects of biological physics such as biomolecular electronic components and de­ vices, biosensors, medicine, imaging, physical principles of renewable energy pro­ duction, and environmental control and engineering. We are fortunate to have a distinguished roster of consulting editors on the Editorial Board, reflecting the breadth of biological physics. We believe that the Biological Physics Series can help advance the knowledge in the field by providing a home for publications in the field and that scientists and practitioners from many disciplines will find much to learn from the upcoming volumes.

1 The Coulomb Force; Electric Field; Electrostatic Potential; Electrostatic Energy.- 1.1 Electric Charge and Coulomb’s Law.- 1.2 The Electric Field.- 1.3 The Electrostatic Potential.- 1.4 Capacitors—Electrostatic Energy Storage.- 1.5 The Electrostatics of Nonconductors: Dielectrics and Electric Polarizability.- 1.6 Electrostatic Forces and Energy in Dielectric Media.- 1.7 References and Supplementary Reading.- 1.8 Problems.- 2 Electric Currents.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Current Flow, Electrical Resistance, Ohm’s Law, and the Dissipation of Electric Power.- 2.3 Conductivity of Electrolyte Solutions.- 2.4 Electrical Conductivity of Metals.- 2.5 Electrical Networks with Steady and Time-Varying Current Flow. Kirchhoff’s Laws. Resistance, Capacitance, and Operational Amplifier Circuits.- 2.6 The Electrical Determination of the Capacitance and the Thickness of the Cell Membrane.- 2.7 Charge and Current Flow in Three Dimensions: The Continuity Equation and Charge Neutrality: Quasi-Stationary Flow. Application to Lightning Bolts and Current Flow in the Earth.- 2.8 Electrocardiography.- 2.9 References and Supplementary Reading.- 2.10 Problems.- 3 Electrochemistry and Bioelectricity.- 3.1 The Diffusion of Ions and the Nernst-Planck Equation.- 3.2 Galvanic Cells; Electrodes; Electrochemical Measurements; pH Determination.- 3.3 Membrane Potentials. Biomembranes. Active Transport of Ions. Excitable Membranes and the Action Potential.- 3.4 References and Supplementary Reading.- 3.5 Problems.- 4 Electromagnetism.- 4.1 The Magnetic Field and Magnetic Force.- 4.2 Faraday’s Law of Induction.- 4.3 Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves.- 4.4 References and Supplementary Reading.- 4.5 Problems.- Table of Basic Constants.- Table of MKSA Units.