Photoelectron and Auger Spectroscopy, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1975 Modern Analytical Chemistry Series

In 1970 when I first seriously contemplated writing a book on electron spectroscopy, I recognized the impossibility of completely reaching my desired goals. First, the field was expanding (and still is) at such a rate that a definitive statement of the subject is not possible. The act of following the literature comprehensively and summarizing its essential content proved to be a diver­ gent series. On the other hand, the field has increased to such a size that violent changes in its basic makeup no longer occur with the frequency that was present in its early days. Furthermore, the excitement of electron spectro­ scopy lies in its many-faceted interrelationships. In the era of specialization, electron spectroscopy is an open-ended subject continually bringing together new aspects of science. I wished to discuss not just one type of electron spectro­ scopy, but as many as would be possible. The book as it stands concentrates its attention on x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, but also presents the basis of Auger electron spectroscopy and uv photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as mentioning many of the other branches of the field. A large, many-author volume might be an answer to some of these problems. However, though anyone person possesses only a limited amount of expertise, I have always enjoyed books by a single author since what they lack in detailed knowledge they gain in a unified viewpoint. I hope the final product, though limited in its attainment of these goals, will still be of some merit.

1 Introduction.- 1. History.- 2. Scope of Present Book and Review of Past Books.- 3. Name-Calling.- 4. Areas Related to Electron Spectroscopy Not to be Discussed in Detail.- 5. Fields Related to Electron Spectroscopy.- 2 Instrumentation and Experimental Procedures.- 1. Source Volume.- 2. Analyzer.- 3. Detector Systems and Data Analysis.- 4. New Developments.- 5. Review of Commercial Instruments.- 3 Fundamental Concepts.- 1. Photoelectric Effect.- 2. Binding Energy.- 3. Final States and the Sudden Approximation.- 4. Atomic Wave Functions.- 5. Molecular Orbital Theory.- 4 Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Outer Shells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Energy Level Scheme.- 3. Identification of the Orbital.- 4. Comparison of PESOS with Other Experimental Data.- 5. Survey of the Literature on PESOS.- 6. Studies on Solids.- 7. Analytical Applications of PESOS.- 5 Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Inner Shells.- 1. Atomic Structure.- 2. Theoretical Basis of Chemical Shifts of Core Electrons.- 3. Summary of Data on Chemical Shifts as a Function of the Periodic Table.- 4. Special Topics on Shifts in Core Binding Energies.- 5. Other Applications of PESIS.- 6. Use of PESIS for Applied Research.- 6 Auger Electron Spectroscopy.- 1. Theory of the Auger Process.- 2. Comparison of the Auger Phenomenon with the Photoelectric Effect and X-Ray Emission.- 3. Use of Auger Spectroscopy for Gases.- 4. Use of Auger Spectroscopy in the Study of Solids.- Appendixes.- 1. Atomic Binding Energies for Each Subshell for Elements Z = 1–106.- 3. Compilation of Data on Shifts in Core Binding Energies.- 4. Acronyms and Definitions of Special Interest in Electron Spectroscopy.- References.