Nanomaterials Processing and Characterization with Lasers

The first in-depth treatment of the synthesis, processing, and characterization of nanomaterials using lasers, ranging from fundamentals to
the latest research results, this handy reference is divided into two main sections. After introducing the concepts of lasers, nanomaterials, nanoarchitectures and laser-material interactions in the first three chapters, the book goes on to discuss the synthesis of various nanomaterials in vacuum, gas and liquids. The second half discusses various nanomaterial characterization techniques involving lasers, from Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies to light dynamic scattering, laser spectroscopy and such unusual techniques as laser photo acoustic, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, ultrafast dynamics and laser-induced thermal pulses.

The specialist authors adopt a practical approach throughout, with an emphasis on experiments, set-up, and results. Each chapter begins
with an introduction and is uniform in covering the basic approaches, experimental setups, and dependencies of the particular method on
different parameters, providing sufficient theory and modeling to understand the principles behind the techniques.

PREFACE

LASERS: FUNDAMENTALS, TYPES, AND OPERATIONS
Introduction of Lasers
Types of Laser and Their Operations
Methods of Producing EUV/VUV, X-Ray Laser Beams
Properties of Laser Radiation
Modification in Basic Laser Structure

INTRODUCTION OF MATERIALS AND ARCHITECTURES AT THE NANOSCALE
Origin and Historical Development
Introduction
Band Theory of Solids
Quantum Confinement
Defects and Imperfections
Metal, Semiconductor, and Insulator Nanomaterials
Various Synthesis Methods of Nanoscale Materials
Various Techniques of Materials Characterization
Self-Assembly and Induced Assembly, Aggregation, and Agglomeration of Nanoparticles
Applications of Lasers in Nanomaterial Synthesis, Modification, and Characterization
Summary and Future Prospects

PART I: Nanomaterials and Laser-Based Processing Techniques

LASER?MATTER INTERACTION
High-Intensity Femtosecond Laser Interactions with Gases and Clusters
Laser-Matter Interaction: Plasma and Nanomaterials Processing

NANOMATERIALS: LASER-BASED PROCESSING IN GAS PHASE
Synthesis and Analysis of Nanostructured Thin Films Prepared by Laser Ablation of Metals in Vacuum
Synthesis of Nanostructures with Pulsed Laser Ablation in a Furnace
ZnO Nanowire and Its Heterostructures Grown with Nanoparticle-Assisted Pulsed Laser Deposition
Laser-Vaporization-Controlled Condensation for the Synthesis of Semiconductor, Metallic, and Bimetallic Nanocrystals and Nanoparticle Catalysts

NANOMATERIALS: LASER-INDUCED NANO/MICROFABRICATIONS
Direct Femtosecond Laser Nanostructuring and Nanopatterning on Metals
Laser-Induced Forward Transfer: an Approach to Direct Write of Patterns in Film Form
Laser-Induced Forward Transfer: Transfer of Micro-Nanomaterials on Substrate
Laser-Induced Forward Transfer for the Fabrication of Devices

NANOMATERIALS: LASER-BASED PROCESSING IN LIQUID MEDIA
Liquid-Assisted Pulsed Laser Ablation/Irradiation for Generation of Nanoparticles
Synthesis of Metal Compound Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Liquid
Synthesis of Fourth Group (C, Si, and Ge) Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Liquids

PART II: Nanomaterials: Laser-Based Characterization Techniques

RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY: BASICS AND APPLICATIONS
Raman Spectroscopy and its Application in the Characterization of Devices
Effect of Particle Size Reduction on Raman Spectra

SIZE DETERMINATION OF NANOPARTICLES BY DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING
Introduction
General Principles of DLS (Photon Correlation Spectroscopy)
Particle Size Standards Applied to DLS
Unique DLS Instruments
Sample Characterization Using DLS Measurements of Nanoparticles
Result of DLS Characterization
Conclusion

PHOTOLUMNISCENCE/FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE FOR NANOMATERIALS CHARACTERIZATIONS
Application of Photoluminescence Spectroscopy in the Characterizations of Nanomaterials
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy of Nanomaterials
Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of Nanomaterials

PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS
Introduction
Instrumentation
Applications of PA Spectroscopy to the Nanomaterials

ULTRAFAST LASER SPECTROSCOPY OF NANOMATERIALS
Introduction
Ultrafast Time-Resolved Spectroscopy
Other Multiple Wave Ultrafast Spectroscopic Techniques
Measurement of Charge Carrier Dynamics
Conclusion and Future Prospects

NONLINEAR OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS
Influence of Laser Ablation Parameters on the Optical and Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of Colloidal Solution of Semiconductor Nanoparticles
High-Order Harmonic Generation in Silver-Nanoparticle-Contained Plasma
Studies of Low- and High-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 Nanoparticles
Results and Discussion
High-Order Harmonic Generation from the BaTiO3- and SrTiO3-Nanoparticle-Contained Laser Plumes
Conclusions
Acknowledgments

POLARIZATION AND SPACE-CHARGE PROFILING WITH LASER-BASED THERMAL TECHNIQUES
Introduction
Theoretical Foundations and Data Analysis
Experimental Techniques
Applications
Summary and Outlook

Dr. S. C. Singh is currently working as IRCSET, EMPOWER postdoctoral fellow in Prof. John Costello's group at National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Ireland on Development of extreme UV laser light using HHG through laser produced
plasma at the nanostructured surfaces. His current research interest includes laser matter interaction, laser induced nanoparticle synthesis and modification, and materials for energy harvesting and storage.

Dr. Haibo Zeng is currently a Professor at Institute of Nano Science and Department of Material Science, Najing University of Aeronautics and Astronoutics (NUAA), China. His current research interests focus on 1) inorganic graphenes, 2) doped/alloyed nano-ZnO, and 3)
nanostructured cells. Dr. Zeng has published more than 60 refereed papers in journals with more than 1000 citations.

Dr. Chunlei Guo is Associate Professor at the Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, USA. He has chaired several optic and laser related committees and has published over 70 papers in refereed journals. Research interests encompass atoms/molecules in strong laser
field, non-linear optics, laser surface nano/microstructuring, femtosecond lasers and optics and ultrafast dynamics in solids.

Prof. Weiping Cai is the Director of the Institute of Solid State Physics, CAS and Head of the Key Laboratory of Materials Physics. He has published over 100 papers in international peerreviewed journals such as Advanced Materials and has organized several international conferences. Current research interests include synthesis and properties of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles, 2D nanoparticle arrays and sensors.