Multimedia Information Extraction

The advent of increasingly large consumer collections of audio (e.g., iTunes), imagery (e.g., Flickr), and video (e.g., YouTube) is driving a need not only for multimedia retrieval but also information extraction from and across media. Furthermore, industrial and government collections fuel requirements for stock media access, media preservation, broadcast news retrieval, identity management, and video surveillance. While significant advances have been made in language processing for information extraction from unstructured multilingual text and extraction of objects from imagery and video, these advances have been explored in largely independent research communities who have addressed extracting information from single media (e.g., text, imagery, audio). And yet users need to search for concepts across individual media, author multimedia artifacts, and perform multimedia analysis in many domains. This collection is intended to serve several purposes, including reporting the current state of the art, stimulating novel research, and encouraging cross–fertilization of distinct research disciplines. The collection and integration of a common base of intellectual material will provide an invaluable service from which to teach a future generation of cross disciplinary media scientists and engineers.

FOREWORD ix Alan F. Smeaton PREFACE xiii Mark T. Maybury ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv CONTRIBUTORS xvii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Mark T. Maybury 2 MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION EXTRACTION: HISTORY AND STATE OF THE ART 13 Mark T. Maybury SECTION 1 IMAGE EXTRACTION 41 3 VISUAL FEATURE LOCALIZATION FOR DETECTING UNIQUE OBJECTS IN IMAGES 45 Madirakshi Das, Alexander C. Loui, and Andrew C. Blose 4 ENTROPY–BASED ANALYSIS OF VISUAL AND GEOLOCATION CONCEPTS IN IMAGES 63 Keiji Yanai, Hidetoshi Kawakubo, and Kobus Barnard 5 THE MEANING OF 3D SHAPE AND SOME TECHNIQUES TO EXTRACT IT 81 Sven Havemann, Torsten Ullrich, and Dieter W. Fellner 6 A DATA–DRIVEN MEANINGFUL REPRESENTATION OF EMOTIONAL FACIAL EXPRESSIONS 99 Nicolas Stoiber, Gaspard Breton, and Renaud Seguier SECTION 2 VIDEO EXTRACTION 113 7 VISUAL SEMANTICS FOR REDUCING FALSE POSITIVES IN VIDEO SEARCH 119 Rohini K. Srihari and Adrian Novischi 8 AUTOMATED ANALYSIS OF IDEOLOGICAL BIAS IN VIDEO 129 Wei–Hao Lin and Alexander G. Hauptmann 9 MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION EXTRACTION IN A LIVE MULTILINGUAL NEWS MONITORING SYSTEM 145 David D. Palmer, Marc B. Reichman, and Noah White 10 SEMANTIC MULTIMEDIA EXTRACTION USING AUDIO AND VIDEO 159 Evelyne Tzoukermann, Geetu Ambwani, Amit Bagga, Leslie Chipman, Anthony R. Davis, Ryan Farrell, David Houghton, Oliver Jojic, Jan Neumann, Robert Rubinoff, Bageshree Shevade, and Hongzhong Zhou 11 ANALYSIS OF MULTIMODAL NATURAL LANGUAGE CONTENT IN BROADCAST VIDEO 175 Prem Natarajan, Ehry MacRostie, Rohit Prasad, and Jonathan Watson 12 WEB–BASED MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION EXTRACTION BASED ON SOCIAL REDUNDANCY 185 Jose San Pedro, Stefan Siersdorfer, Vaiva Kalnikaite, and Steve Whittaker 13 INFORMATION FUSION AND ANOMALY DETECTION WITH UNCALIBRATED CAMERAS IN VIDEO SURVEILLANCE 201 Erhan Baki Ermis, Venkatesh Saligrama, and Pierre–Marc Jodoin SECTION 3 AUDIO, GRAPHICS, AND BEHAVIOR EXTRACTION 217 14 AUTOMATIC DETECTION, INDEXING, AND RETRIEVAL OF MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTES FROM CROSS–LINGUAL MULTIMEDIA DATA 221 Qian Hu, Fred J. Goodman, Stanley M. Boykin, Randall K. Fish, Warren R. Greiff, Stephen R. Jones, and Stephen R. Moore 15 INFORMATION GRAPHICS IN MULTIMODAL DOCUMENTS 235 Sandra Carberry, Stephanie Elzer, Richard Burns, Peng Wu, Daniel Chester, and Seniz Demir 16 EXTRACTING INFORMATION FROM HUMAN BEHAVIOR 253 Fabio Pianesi, Bruno Lepri, Nadia Mana, Alessandro Cappelletti, and Massimo Zancanaro SECTION 4 AFFECT EXTRACTION FROM AUDIO AND IMAGERY 269 17 RETRIEVAL OF PARALINGUISTIC INFORMATION IN BROADCASTS 273 Björn Schuller, Martin Wöllmer, Florian Eyben, and Gerhard Rigoll 18 AUDIENCE REACTIONS FOR INFORMATION EXTRACTION ABOUT PERSUASIVE LANGUAGE IN POLITICAL COMMUNICATION 289 Marco Guerini, Carlo Strapparava, and Oliviero Stock 19 THE NEED FOR AFFECTIVE METADATA IN CONTENT–BASED RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS FOR IMAGES 305 Marko TkalEiE, Jurij TasiE, and Andrej Košir 20 AFFECT–BASED INDEXING FOR MULTIMEDIA DATA 321 Gareth J. F. Jones and Ching Hau Chan SECTION 5 MULTIMEDIA ANNOTATION AND AUTHORING 347 21 MULTIMEDIA ANNOTATION, QUERYING, AND ANALYSIS IN ANVIL 351 Michael Kipp 22 TOWARD FORMALIZATION OF DISPLAY GRAMMAR FOR INTERACTIVE MEDIA PRODUCTION WITH MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION EXTRACTION 369 Robin Bargar 23 MEDIA AUTHORING WITH ONTOLOGICAL REASONING: USE CASE FOR MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION EXTRACTION 385 Insook Choi 24 ANNOTATING SIGNIFICANT RELATIONS ON MULTIMEDIA WEB DOCUMENTS 401 Matusala Addisu, Danilo Avola, Paola Bianchi, Paolo Bottoni, Stefano Levialdi, and Emanuele Panizzi ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 419 REFERENCES 425 INDEX 461